Oxford Handbook of Ethics of Ai

This volume tackles a quickly-evolving field of inquiry, mapping the existing discourse as part of a general attempt to place current developments in historical context; at the same time, breaking new ground in taking on novel subjects and pursuing fresh approaches.

The term "A.I." is used to refer to a broad range of phenomena, from machine learning and data mining to artificial general intelligence. The recent advent of more sophisticated AI systems, which function with partial or full autonomy and are capable of tasks which require learning and 'intelligence', presents difficult ethical questions, and has drawn concerns from many quarters about individual and societal welfare, democratic decision-making, moral agency, and the prevention of harm. This work ranges from explorations of normative constraints on specific applications of machine learning algorithms today-in everyday medical practice, for instance-to reflections on the (potential) status of AI as a form of consciousness with attendant rights and duties and, more generally still, on the conceptual terms and frameworks necessarily to understand tasks requiring intelligence, whether "human" or "A.I."

Table des matières

• Part I. Introduction and Overview


• 1. The Artificial Intelligence of Ethics of AI: An Introductory Overview


• Joanna Bryson


• 2. The Ethics of Ethics of AI: Mapping the Field


• Thomas Powers, Delaware and Jean-Gabriel Ganascia


• 3. Ethics of AI in Context: Society and Culture


• Judith Donath


• Part II. Frameworks and Modes


• 4. Why Industry Self-regulation Will Not Deliver 'Ethical AI': A Call for Legally Mandated Techniques of 'Human Rights by Design'


• Karen Yeung, Andrew Howes and Ganna Pogrebna


• 5. Private Sector AI: Ethics and Incentives


• Tom Slee


• 6. Normative Modes: Codes and Standards


• Paula Boddington


• 7. Normative Modes: Professional Ethics


• Urs Gasser


• Part III. Concepts and Issues


• 8. Fairness and the Concept of 'Bias'


• Safiya Umoja Noble


• 9. Accountability in Computer Systems


• Joshua Kroll


• 10. Transparency


• Nick Diakopoulos


• 11. Responsibility


• Virginia Dignum


• 12. The Concept of Handoff as a Model for Ethical Analysis and Design


• Helen Nissenbaum and Deirdre Mulligan


• 13. Race and Gender


• Timnit Gebru


• 14. The Future of Work in the Age of AI: Displacement, Augmentation, or Control?


• Karen Levy and Pegah Moradi


• 15. The Rights of Artificial Intelligences


• John Basl and Joseph Bowen


• 16. The Singularity: Sobering up About Merging with AI


• Susan Schneider


• 17. Do Sentient AIs Have Rights? If So, What Kind?


• Mark Kingwell


• 18. Autonomy


• Michael Wheeler


• 19. Troubleshooting AI and Consent


• Meg Leta Jones


• 20. Is Human Judgment Necessary?


• Norman Spaulding


• 21. Sexuality


• John Danaher


• IV. Perspectives and Approaches


• 22. Computer Science


• Benjamin Kuipers


• 23. Engineering


• Jason Millar


• 24. Designing Robots Ethically Without Designing Ethical Robots: A Perspective from Cognitive Science


• Ron Chrisley


• 25. Economics


• Anton Korinek


• 26. Statistics


• Martin Wells


• 27. Automating Origination: Perspectives from the Humanities


• Avery Slater


• 28. Philosophy


• David Gunkel


• 29. The Complexity of Otherness: Anthropological contributions to robots and AI


• Kathleen Richardson


• 30. Calculative Composition: The Ethics of Automating Design


• Shannon Mattern


• 31. Global South



A propos de l'auteur

Markus Dubber leads an interdisciplinary initiative, "Ethics of AI in Context," as director of the University of Toronto's Centre for Ethics, which facilitates collaboration among a diverse group of university and non-university scholars and researchers from a wide range of backgrounds and perspectives. He also has extensive editorial experience, including as co-editor of several Oxford Handbooks and editor-in-chief of Oxford Handbooks Online (Law).

Sunit Das (University of Toronto, Medicine) has conducted research on the role of AI in medicine as a neurosurgeon at Toronto's St. Michael's Hospital, a neuroscientist in the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, and faculty affiliate of the Ethics of AI Lab at the Centre for Ethics, University of Toronto.

Frank Pasquale (School of Law, University of Maryland) has published extensively on the law, policy, and ethics of artificial intelligence and cognate fields (including algorithmic accountability, machine learning, and

big data). He has served on the Council on Big Data, Ethics, and Society, the Academic Council of the AINow Institute, and the National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics. His 2015 book The Black Box Society developed a social theory of reputation, search, and finance, while proposing pragmatic reforms to improve the information economy.

Résumé

This interdisciplinary and international handbook captures and shapes much needed reflection on normative frameworks for the production, application, and use of artificial intelligence in all spheres of individual, commercial, social, and public life.

Commentaire

The ethics of AI is a dynamic field, and so anythingwritten on the topic is likely to be out of date by the time it is published. Thanks to the acumen of its editors, however, the Oxford Handbook of Ethics of AI will remain relevant despite these shifting conceptual and methodological sands. Fabio Tollon, Department of Philosophy, Bielefeld University, Germany, Prometheus

Détails du produit

• Auteurs: Markus D. (Professor of Law & Criminology Dubber
• Collaboration: Sunit Das (Editeur), Markus D. Dubber (Editeur), Dubber Markus D. (Editeur), Frank Pasquale (Editeur), Pasquale Frank (Editeur)
• Edition: Oxford University Press
• Langues: Anglais
• Format d'édition: Livre Relié
• Sortie: 03.09.2020
• EAN: 9780190067397
• ISBN: 978-0-19-006739-7
• Pages: 896
• Thème: Oxford Handbooks
• Catégories: Sciences sociales, droit, économie > Droit > Droit international, droit étranger; Artificial Intelligence, BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Business Ethics, LAW / Computer & Internet, LAW / Intellectual Property / Patent, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Ethical issues: scientific & technological developments, intellectual property law, IT and Communications law / Postal laws and regulations, IT & Communications law