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Ralph Maud delves into the mystery of Boas's alleged "translations" of stories gathered by his chief Tsimshian informant, Henry Tate.
A propos de l'auteur
Ralph MaudRalph Maud is the author of
Charles Olson Reading (1996) and the editor of
The Selected Letters of Charles Olson (2000). He has edited much of Dylan Thomas's work, including
The Notebook Poems 1930-1934 and
The Broadcasts, and is co-editor, with Walford Davies, of
Dylan Thomas: The Collected Poems, 1934-1953 and
Under Milk Wood. Maud is also the editor of
The Salish People: Volumes I, II, III & IV by pioneer ethnographer Charles Hill-Tout. In addition, he has done extensive work on the translation collaboration between Henry W. Tate and Franz Boas, including the book
Transmission Difficulties: Franz Boas and Tsimshian Mythology.
Résumé
It has been well known since Marius Barbeau’s review of the first edition of Franz Boas’s Tsimshian Mythology in 1917, that something was seriously amiss with Boas’s alleged “translations” of the stories gathered by his chief Tsimshian informant, Henry Tate. But what, exactly, was it that Boas was doing with Tate’s stories? It is this question that Ralph Maud sets out to address in Transmission Difficulties.
Boas’s original misrepresentations of the more than 2,000 pages of material he received from Henry Tate have been denied by the ethnographic establishment for more than eighty years. His distortion of Tate’s stories has been rationalized, to date, as “cultural relativism”—any loss of Tate’s original material in this ethnographic “collaboration” between Native informant and European scientist was “unavoidable,” due to the presumably equal “cultural differences” between them. This, Maud argues convincingly, is not the case at all. The fact that Boas paid Tate for his stories by the page, and furthermore instructed Tate specifically on what stories, and even on what kinds of stories he was to gather and submit, created a profoundly unequal relationship between these two men, which resulted in an inevitable and pre-determined “authentication” of the Native material by the European ethnographer.
Transmission Difficulties unfolds like a gripping, real-life mystery story. It leaves the reader with a whole new vision of what the relation between European colonials and Aboriginal inhabitants in the Americas might have been, and still might be.
