High Voltage Direct Current Transmission - Converters, Systems and DC Grids

This comprehensive reference guides the reader through all HVDC technologies, including LCC (Line Commutated Converter), 2-level VSC and VSC HVDC based on modular multilevel converters (MMC) for an in-depth understanding of converters, system level design, operating principles and modeling. Written in a tutorial style, the book also describes the key principles of design, control, protection and operation of DC transmission grids, which will be substantially different from the practice with AC transmission grids.
 
The first dedicated reference to the latest HVDC technologies and DC grid developments; this is an essential resource for graduate students and researchers as well as engineers and professionals working on the design, modeling and operation of DC grids and HVDC.
 
Key features:
* Provides comprehensive coverage of LCC, VSC and (half and full bridge) MMC-based VSC technologies and DC transmission grids.
* Presents phasor and dynamic analytical models for each HVDC technology and DC grids.
* Includes HVDC protection, studies of DC and AC faults, as well as system-level studies of AC-DC interactions and impact on AC grids for each HVDC technology.
* Companion website hosts SIMULINK SimPowerSystems models with examples for all HVDC topologies.

Table des matières

Contents
 
Preface xi
 
Part I HVDC with Current Source Converters 1
 
1 Introduction to Line-Commutated HVDC 3
 
1.1 HVDC Applications 3
 
1.2 Line-Commutated HVDC Components 5
 
1.3 DC Cables and Overhead Lines 6
 
1.4 LCC HVDC Topologies 7
 
1.5 Losses in LCC HVDC Systems 9
 
1.6 Conversion of AC Lines to DC 10
 
1.7 Ultra-High Voltage HVDC 10
 
2 Thyristors 12
 
2.1 Operating Characteristics 12
 
2.2 Switching Characteristic 13
 
2.3 Losses in HVDC Thyristors 17
 
2.4 Valve Structure and Thyristor Snubbers 20
 
2.5 Thyristor Rating Selection and Overload Capability 22
 
3 Six-Pulse Diode and Thyristor Converter 23
 
3.1 Three-Phase Uncontrolled Bridge 23
 
3.2 Three-Phase Thyristor Rectifier 25
 
3.3 Analysis of Commutation Overlap in a Thyristor Converter 26
 
3.4 Active and Reactive Power in a Three-Phase Thyristor Converter 30
 
3.5 Inverter Operation 31
 
4 HVDC Rectifier Station Modelling, Control and Synchronization with AC Systems 35
 
4.1 HVDC Rectifier Controller 35
 
4.2 Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) 36
 
5 HVDC Inverter Station Modelling and Control 40
 
5.1 Inverter Controller 40
 
5.2 Commutation Failure 42
 
6 HVDC System V-I Diagrams and Operating Modes 45
 
6.1 HVDC-Equivalent Circuit 45
 
6.2 HVDC V-I Operating Diagram 45
 
6.3 HVDC Power Reversal 48
 
7 HVDC Analytical Modelling and Stability 53
 
7.1 Introduction to Converters and HVDC Modelling 53
 
7.2 HVDC Analytical Model 54
 
7.3 CIGRE HVDC Benchmark Model 56
 
7.4 Converter Modelling, Linearization and Gain Scheduling 56
 
7.5 AC System Modelling for HVDC Stability Studies 58
 
7.6 LCC Converter Transformer Model 62
 
7.7 DC System Model 63
 
7.8 HVDC-HVAC System Model 65
 
7.9 Analytical Dynamic Model Verification 65
 
7.10 Basic HVDC Dynamic Analysis 66
 
7.11 HVDC Second Harmonic Instability 70
 
7.12 Oscillations of 100 Hz on the DC Side 71
 
8 HVDC Phasor Modelling and Interactions with AC System 72
 
8.1 Converter and DC System Phasor Model 72
 
8.2 Phasor AC System Model and Interaction with the DC System 73
 
8.3 Inverter AC Voltage and Power Profile as DC Current is Increasing 75
 
8.4 Influence of Converter Extinction Angle 76
 
8.5 Influence of Shunt Reactive Power Compensation 78
 
8.6 Influence of Load at the Converter Terminals 78
 
8.7 Influence of Operating Mode (DC Voltage Control Mode) 78
 
8.8 Rectifier Operating Mode 80
 
9 HVDC Operation with Weak AC Systems 82
 
9.1 Introduction 82
 
9.2 Short-Circuit Ratio and Equivalent Short-Circuit Ratio 82
 
9.3 Power Transfer between Two AC Systems 85
 
9.4 Phasor Study of Converter Interactions with Weak AC Systems 89
 
9.5 System Dynamics (Small Signal Stability) with Low SCR 90
 
9.6 Control and Main Circuit Solutions for Weak AC Grids 90
 
9.7 LCC HVDC with SVC (Static VAR Compensator) 91
 
9.8 Capacitor-Commutated Converters for HVDC 93
 
9.9 AC System with Low Inertia 93
 
10 Fault Management and HVDC System Protection 98
 
10.1 Introduction 98
 
10.2 DC Line Faults 98
 
10.3 AC System Faults 101
 
10.4 System Reconfiguration for Permanent DC Faults 103
 
10.5 Overvoltage Protection 106
 
11 LCC HVDC System Harmonics 107
 
11.1 Harmonic Performance Criteria 107
 
11.2 Harmonic Limits 108
 

A propos de l'auteur

Professor Dragan Jovcic, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
Professor Jovcic has been with the University of Aberdeen since 2004. Between 2000 and 2004 he worked as a Lecturer with the University of Ulster. He was a Design Engineer in the New Zealand power industry between 1999 and 2000, and a visiting professor on a 6-months appointment at McGill University, Canada in 2008. His research career has focused on HVDC, FACTS and DC grids. Professor Jovcic has published around 80 articles related to HVDC and power electronics applications, to transmission systems. He has supervised numerous externally funded research projects with the total budget of over £2.5million. He has thirteen years of university teaching experience in the subjects of electrical engineering and control in UK. Professor Jovcic is Senior member of IEEE and a CIGRE member; he is also a member of three CIGRE working groups.
Dr Khaled Ahmed, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
Dr Ahmed has been working in the renewable energy field for more than eight years. He has been a researcher on two main projects sponsored by the EPSRC research council. He is a senior member of the IEEE industrial electronics society and has published over 53 technical papers in refereed journals and conferences related to renewable energy applications, modular multilevel converter based applications, and HVDC systems. Dr Ahmed has eleven years of university teaching experience in the subjects of electrical engineering, power electronics and control in Egypt and the UK. Recently, he was part of a 2-lecturer team who designed and delivered a continuing professional development (CPD) course on HVDC for the SSE HVDC technology engineering team (SSE is a leading electricity and gas company, operating mainly in the UK and Ireland).

Résumé

This comprehensive reference guides the reader through all HVDC technologies, including LCC (Line Commutated Converter), 2-level VSC and VSC HVDC based on modular multilevel converters (MMC) for an in-depth understanding of converters, system level design, operating principles and modeling.

Détails du produit

• Auteurs: Khaled Ahmed, Jovcic, D Jovcic, Draga Jovcic, Dragan Jovcic, Dragan Ahmed Jovcic, Jovcic Dragan
• Edition: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Langues: Anglais
• Format d'édition: Livre Relié
• Sortie: 25.09.2015
• EAN: 9781118846667
• ISBN: 978-1-118-84666-7
• Pages: 456
• Catégories: Sciences naturelles, médecine, informatique, technique > Technique > Electronique, électrotechnique, technique de l'information; Energietechnik, Energie, Leistungselektronik, ENERGY, Elektrische Energietechnik, Power electronics, Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Elektrotechnik u. Elektronik, Power Technology & Power Engineering, Electric Power Systems