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Klappentext This textbook provides a unique, pocket-sized, self-directed study guide to fluid, electrolyte and acid base homeostasis for undergraduate biomedical science, pharmacology, medical and allied health students. It details the chemical (mostly ionic) composition of body fluids, explains how abnormalities arise, what laboratory tests can be used to identify and analyze the cause of these disorders and shows how normality can be achieved to maintain health. Zusammenfassung * A unique, pocket companion devoted to fluid, electrolyte and acid base homeostasis. Printed in a handy format designed to enhance its portability, this book will provide an instant self-study guide for undergraduate biomedical, pharmacology, medical and allied health undergraduates. Inhaltsverzeichnis List of figures xiiiList of tables xviiPreface xixAcknowledgements xxiPart 1: Background theory and basic concepts.Section 1.i Introduction and overview 3Section 1.ii Water 8Section 1.iii Solutions: concentrations and colligative properties of solutes 12Section 1.iv Self-assessment exercise 1.1 16Section 1.v Acids and bases 18Section 1.vi Buffers and the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation 23Section 1.vii Self-assessment exercise 1.2 26Section 1.viii Body fluids and their composition: overview 28Section 1.ix Fluid balance: (a) between fluid compartments and (b) intake and loss 34Section 1.x Ionic composition and electrical neutrality 39Section 1.xi Water and ion distribution between compartments 1: Physical chemistry 43Section 1.xii Water and ion distribution between compartments 2: Physiology 50Section 1.xiii Osmoregulation: solvent and solute balance 55Section 1.xiv Self-assessment exercise 1.3 60Section 1.xv Summary of Part 1 62Answers to Part 1 self-assessment exercises 63Part 2: Fluid and electrolyte homeostasis.Normal physiologySection 2.i Fluid translocation: plasma to ISF and ISF to ICF 83Section 2.ii Renal function: a brief overview 88Section 2.iii Renal regulation of blood composition 93Section 2.iv Self-assessment exercise 2.1 100Section 2.v Minerals: key roles in physiology and metabolism 102Section 2.vi Sodium and potassium 106Section 2.vii Sodium and water homeostasis: renal regulation of blood pressure and blood volume 109Section 2.viii Calcium and magnesium 115Section 2.ix Iron 123Section 2.x Selected trace elements: Mn, Co, Se and S 128Section 2.xi Anions: bicarbonate, chloride, phosphate and proteins 130Section 2.xii Self-assessment exercise 2.2 132Section 2.xiii Laboratory measurements 1: Osmometry 134Section 2.xiv Laboratory measurements 2: Ion selective electrodes (ISEs) 138Section 2.xv Laboratory measurements 3: Calcium, magnesium, vitamin D, phosphate and iron 147Section 2.xvi Laboratory measurements 4: Miscellaneous methods for clinically useful analytes 150Section 2.xvii Self-assessment exercise 2.3 154Disorders of fluid and electrolyte balanceSection 2.xviii Introduction 157Section 2.xix Principles of data interpretation 160Section 2.xx Sodium, protein and water 167Section 2.xxi Hypernatraemia 173Section 2.xxii Hyponatraemia 179Section 2.xxiii Disturbances of potassium homeostasis 184Section 2.xxiv Hyperkalaemia 186Section 2.xxv Hypokalaemia 189Section 2.xxvi Disturbances of calcium or magnesium balance 193Section 2.xxvii Disorders of iron homeostasis 200Section 2.xxviii Self-assessment exercise 2.4 202Section 2.xxix Summary of Part 2 207Answers to Part 2 self-assessment exercises 209Part 3: Acid-base homeostasis.Normal physiological processesSection 3.i Acidity, pH and buffers: recap of some basic chemistry 221Section 3.ii Some worked example calculations 224Section 3.iii Self-assessment exercise 3.1 227Section 3.iv Homeostasis and the 'daily acid challenge' 228Section 3.v Physiological buffering 232Section 3.vi The role of the kidney in acid-base homeostasis 237Sect...
