Fuel Cells Science and Engineering - Materials, Processes, Systems and Technology

Fuel cells are expected to play a major role in the future power supply that will transform to renewable, decentralized and fluctuating primary energies. At the same time the share of electric power will continually increase at the expense of thermal and mechanical energy not just in transportation, but also in households. Hydrogen as a perfect fuel for fuel cells and an outstanding and efficient means of bulk storage for renewable energy will spearhead this development together with fuel cells. Moreover, small fuel cells hold great potential for portable devices such as gadgets and medical applications such as pacemakers. This handbook will explore specific fuel cells within and beyond the mainstream development and focuses on materials and production processes for both SOFC and lowtemperature fuel cells, analytics and diagnostics for fuel cells, modeling and simulation as well as balance of plant design and components. As fuel cells are getting increasingly sophisticated and industrially developed the issues of quality assurance and methodology of development are included in this handbook. The contributions to this book come from an international panel of experts from academia, industry, institutions and government. This handbook is oriented toward people looking for detailed information on specific fuel cell types, their materials, production processes,modeling and analytics. Overview information on the contrary on mainstream fuel cells and applications are provided in the book'Hydrogen and Fuel Cells', published in 2010.

Table des matières

Volume 1PART I: TechnologyTECHNICAL ADVANCEMENT OF FUEL-CELL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENTIntroductionRepresentative Research Findings for SOFCsRepresentative Research Findings for HT-PEFCsRepresentative Research Findings for DMFCsApplication and Demonstration in TransportationFuel Cells for Stationary ApplicationsSpecial Markets for Fuel CellsMarketable Development ResultsConclusionSINGLE-CHAMBER FUEL CELLSIntroductionSC-SOFCsSC-SOFC SystemsApplications of SC-SOFCs SystemsConclusionTECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS OF MOLTEN CARBONATE FUEL CELLSMolten Carbonate Fuel Cells overviewAnalysis of MCFC TechnologyConventional and Innovative ApplicationsConclusionALKALINE FUEL CELLSHistorical Introduction and PrincipleConcepts of Alkaline Fuel-Cell Design ConceptsElectrolytes and SeparatorsDegradationCarbon Dioxide BehaviorConclusionMICRO FUEL CELLSIntroductionPhysical Principles of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs)Types of Micro Fuel CellsMaterials and ManufacturingGDL OptimizationConclusionPRINCIPLES AND TECHNOLOGY OF MICROBIAL FUEL CELLSIntroductionMaterials and MethodsMicrobial CatalystsApplications and Proof of ConceptsModelingOutlook and ConclusionsMICRO-REACTORS FOR FUEL PROCESSINGIntroductionHeat and Mass Transfer in Micro-ReactorsSpecific Features Required from Catalyst Formulations for Microchannel Plate Heat-Exchanger ReactorsHeat Management of Microchannel Plate Heat-Exchanger ReactorsExamples of Complete Microchannel Fuel ProcessorsFabrication of Microchannel Plate Heat-Exchanger ReactorsREGENERATIVE FUEL CELLSIntroductionPrinciplesHistoryThermodynamicsElectrodesSolid Oxide Electrolyte (SOE)System Design and ComponentsApplications and SystemsConclusion and ProspectsPART II: Materials and Production ProcessesADVANCES IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN 1995 AND 2010 AT FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM J¨ULICH GMBH, GERMANYIntroductionAdvances in Research, Development, and Testing of Single CellsConclusionsSOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL ELECTRODE FABRICATION BY INFILTRATIONIntroductionSOFC and Electrochemical FundamentalsCurrent Status of Electrodes; Fabrication Methods of ElectrodesElectrode MaterialsInfiltrationConclusionSEALING TECHNOLOGY FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLSIntroductionSealing TechniquesConclusionPHOSPHORIC ACID, AN ELECTROLYTE FOR FUEL CELLS - TEMPERATURE AND COMPOSITION DEPENDENCE OF VAPOR PRESSURE AND PROTON CONDUCTIVITYIntroductionShort Overview of Basic Properties and Formal ConsiderationsVapor Pressure of Water as a Function of Composition and TemperatureProton Conductivity as a Function of Composition and TemperatureEquilibria between the Polyphosphoric Acid Species and "Composition" of Concentrated Phosphoric AcidConclusionMATERIALS AND COATINGS FOR METALLIC BIPOLAR PLATES IN POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLSIntroductionMetallic Bipolar PlatesDiscussion and PerspectiveNANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS FOR FUEL CELLSIntroductionThe Fuel Cell and Its SystemTriple Phase BoundaryElectrodes to Oxidize HydrogenMembranes to Transport IonsElectrocatalysts to Reduce OxygenCatalyst Supports to Conduct ElectronsFuture Directions2CATALYSIS IN LOW-TEMPERATURE FUEL CELLS - AN OVERVIEWIntroductionElectrocatalysis in Fuel CellsElectrocatalyst DegradationNovel Support MaterialsCatalyst Development, Characterization, and In Situ Studies in Fuel CellsCatalysis in Hydrogen Production for Fuel CellsPerspectivePART III: Analytics and DiagnosticsIMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE FUEL CELLSIntroductionFundamentalsExperimental ExamplesConclusionPOST-TEST CHARACTERIZATION OF SOLID OXIDE FUEL-CELL STACKSIntroductionStack DissectionConclusion and OutlookIN SITU IMAGING AT LARGE-SCALE FACILITIESIntroductionX-Rays and NeutronsApplication of In Situ 2D MethodsApplication of 3D MethodsConclusionANALYTICS OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LOW-TEMPERATURE FUEL CELLSIntroductionGravimetric PropertiesCaloric PropertiesStructural Information: PorosityMechanical PropertiesConclusionDEGRADATION CAUSED BY DYNAMIC OPERATION AND STARVATION CONDITIONSIntroductionMeasurement TechniquesDynamic Operation at Standard ConditionsStarvation ConditionsMitigationConclusionPART IV: Quality AssuranceQUALITY ASSURANCE FOR CHARACTERIZING LOW-TEMPERATURE FUEL CELLSIntroductionTest Procedures/Standardized MeasurementsStandardized Test CellsDegradation and Lifetime InvestigationsDesign of Experiments in the Field of Fuel-Cell ResearchMETHODOLOGIES FOR FUEL CELL PROCESS ENGINEERINGIntroductionVerification Methods in Fuel-Cell Process EngineeringAnalysis Methods in Fuel-Cell Process EngineeringConclusionVolume 2PART V: Modeling and Simulation23 MESSAGES FROM ANALYTICAL MODELING OF FUEL CELLSIntroductionModeling of Catalyst Layer PerformancePolarization Curve of PEMFCs and HT-PEMFCsConclusionSTOCHASTIC MODELING OF FUEL-CELL COMPONENTSMulti-Layer Model for Paper-Type GDLsTime-Series Model for Non-Woven GDLsStochastic Network Model for the Pore PhaseFurther ResultsStructural Characterization of Porous GDLConclusionCOMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMIC SIMULATION USING SUPERCOMPUTER CALCULATION CAPACITYIntroductionHigh-Performance Computing for Fuel CellsHPC-Based CFD Modeling for Fuel-Cell SystemsCFD-Based DesignConclusion and OutlookMODELING SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS FROM THE MACROSCALE TO THE NANOSCALEIntroductionGoverning Equations of Solid Oxide Fuel CellsMacroscale SOFC ModelingMesoscale SOFC ModelingNanoscale SOFC ModelingConclusionNUMERICAL MODELING OF THE THERMOMECHANICALLY INDUCED STRESS IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLSIntroductionChronological Overview of Numerically Performed Thermomechanical Analyses in SOFCsMathematical Formulation of Strain and Stress Within SOFC ComponentsEffect of Geometric Design on the Stress Distribution in SOFCsConclusionMODELING OF MOLTEN CARBONATE FUEL CELLSIntroductionSpatially Distributed MCFC ModelElectrode ModelsConclusionHIGH-TEMPERATURE POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL-CELL MODELINGIntroductionCell-Level ModelingStack-Level ModelingPhosphoric Acid as ElectrolyteBasic Modeling of the Polarization CurveConclusion and Future PerspectivesMODELING OF POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE FUEL-CELL COMPONENTSIntroductionPolymer Electrolyte MembraneCatalyst LayersGas Diffusion Layers and Microporous LayersGas Flow ChannelsGas Diffusion Layer-Gas Flow Channel InterfaceBipolar PlatesCoolant FlowModel ValidationConclusionMODELING OF POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS AND STACKSIntroductionCell-Level Modeling and SimulationStack-Level Modeling and SimulationConclusionPART VI: BALANCE OF PLANT DESIGN AND COMPONENTSPRINCIPLES OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERINGIntroductionBasic EngineeringDetailed EngineeringProcurementConstructionConclusionSYSTEM TECHNOLOGY FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLSSolid Oxide Fuel Cells for Power GenerationOverview of SOFC Power SystemsSubsystem Design for SOFC Power SystemsSOFC Power SystemsDESULFURIZATION FOR FUEL-CELL SYSTEMSIntroduction and MotivationSulfur-Containing Molecules in Crude OilDesulfurization in the Gas PhaseDesulfurization in the Liquid PhaseApplication in Fuel-Cell SystemsConclusionDESIGN CRITERIA AND COMPONENTS FOR FUEL CELL POWERTRAINSIntroductionVehicle RequirementsPotentials and Challenges of Vehicle PowertrainsComponents of Fuel Cell PowertrainsConclusionHYBRIDIZATION FOR FUEL CELLSIntroductionThe Fuel-Cell HybridComponents of a Fuel-Cell HybridHybridization ConceptsTechnical OverviewSystems AnalysisConclusionPART VII: Systems Verification and Market IntroductionOFF-GRID POWER SUPPLY AND PREMIUM POWER GENERATIONIntroductionPremium Power Market OverviewOff-GridPortable ApplicationsDiscussionDEMONSTRATION PROJECTS AND MARKET INTRODUCTIONIntroductionWhy Demonstration?Transportation DemonstrationsStationary Power and Early Market ApplicationsPART VIII: Knowledge Distribution and Public AwarenessA SUSTAINABLE FRAMEWORK FOR INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION: THE IEA HIA AND ITS STRATEGIC PLAN FOR 2009-2015IntroductionThe IEA HIA Strategic Framework: OverviewThe Work Program: Issues and ApproachesIEA HIA: the Past as PrologThe 2009-2015 IEA HIA Work Program TimelineConclusion and Final RemarksOVERVIEW OF FUEL CELL AND HYDROGEN ORGANIZATIONS AND INITIATIVES WORLDWIDEIntroductionInternational LevelEuropean LevelNational LevelRegional LevelPartnerships, Initiatives, and Networks with a Specific AgendaConclusionCONTRIBUTIONS FOR EDUCATION AND PUBLIC AWARENESSIntroductionInformation for Interested LaypeopleEducation for School Students and University StudentsElectrolyzers and Fuel Cells in Education and TrainingTraining and Qualification for Trade and IndustryEducation and Training in the Scientific ArenaClarification Assistance in the Political ArenaAnalysis of Public AwarenessConclusion

A propos de l'auteur

Prof. Detlef Stolten is the Director of the Institute of Energy Research at the Forschungszentrum Jülich. Prof Stolten received his doctorate from the University of Technology at Clausthal,Germany. He served many years as a Research Scientist in the laboratories of Robert Bosch and Daimler Benz/Dornier. In 1998 he accepted the position of Director of the Institute of Materials and Process Technology at the Research Center Jülich. Two years later he became Professor for Fuel Cell Technology at the University of Technology (RWTH) at Aachen. Prof. Stolten's research focuses on fuel cells, implementing results from research in innovative products, procedures and processes in collaboration with industry, contributing towards bridging the gap between science and technology. His research activities are focused on energy process engineering of SOFC and PEFC systems, i.e. electrochemistry, stack technology, process and systems engineering as well as systems analysis. Prof Stolten represents Germany in the Executive Committee of the IEA Annex Advanced Fuel Cells and is on the advisory board of the journal Fuel Cells. Prof Stolten is the Chair of the World Hydrogen Energy Conference held in May, 2010.

Résumé

Fuel cells are expected to play a major role in the future power supply that will transform to renewable, decentralized and fluctuating primary energies. At the same time the share of electric power will continually increase at the expense of thermal and mechanical energy not just in transportation, but also in households. Hydrogen as a perfect fuel for fuel cells and an outstanding and efficient means of bulk storage for renewable energy will spearhead this development together with fuel cells. Moreover, small fuel cells hold great potential for portable devices such as gadgets and medical applications such as pacemakers.

This handbook will explore specific fuel cells within and beyond the mainstream development and focuses on materials and production processes for both SOFC and lowtemperature fuel cells, analytics and diagnostics for fuel cells, modeling and simulation as well as balance of plant design and components. As fuel cells are getting increasingly sophisticated and industrially developed the issues of quality assurance and methodology of development are included in this handbook. The contributions to this book come from an international panel of experts from academia, industry, institutions and government.

This handbook is oriented toward people looking for detailed information on specific fuel cell types, their materials, production processes,
modeling and analytics. Overview information on the contrary on mainstream fuel cells and applications are provided in the book
'Hydrogen and Fuel Cells', published in 2010.

Commentaire

"Rechtzeitig zur Hannover Messe hat der Wiley-VCH Verlag das neue Buch von Prof. Dr. Detlef Stolten herausgebracht: Fuel Cell Science und Engineering. Nach Stoltens im Juli 2010 erschienenem Erstlingswerk Hydrogen und Fuel Cells - Fundamentals, Technologies und Applications (Hardcover, 880 S., 249 EUR) ist dies bereits sein zweites englisch-sprachiges Fachbuch zum Thema Wasserstoff und Brennstoffzelle. Auf 1.268 Seiten kommen in diesem zweibändigen Werk 50 ausgewiesene Experten aus aller Welt zu Wort und beleuchten das gesamte Brennstoffzellenspektrum. Das Handbuch betrachtet die verschiedenen Technologien, Materialien, Produktionsprozesse, Modellierungs- und Simulationsverfahren sowie wirtschaftliche, Umwelt- und Sicherheitsaspekte."Hzwei - Das Magazin für Wasserstoff und Brennstoffzelle, Hydrogeit Verlag, 04/12

Détails du produit

• Auteurs: Bernd Emonts, Detlef Stolten
• Collaboration: Emonts (Editeur), Emonts (Editeur), Bernd Emonts (Editeur), Detle Stolten (Editeur), Detlef Stolten (Editeur)
• Edition: Wiley-VCH
• Langues: Anglais
• Format d'édition: Supports combinés
• Sortie: 01.04.2012
• EAN: 9783527330126
• ISBN: 978-3-527-33012-6
• Pages: 1242
• Dimensions: 176 mm x 244 mm x 64 mm
• Poids: 2762 g
• Illustrations: 236 SW-Abb., 87 Farbabb.
• Catégories: Sciences naturelles, médecine, informatique, technique > Chimie; Chemie, Wasserstoff, Brennstoffzelle, Physikalische Chemie, chemistry, Materialwissenschaften, Industrial Chemistry, Materials science, Physical Chemistry, Technische u. Industrielle Chemie, Batterien u. Brennstoffzellen, Sustainable Chemistry & Green Chemistry, Nachhaltige u. Grüne Chemie, Batteries & Fuel Cells, Industrielle Chemie, Metals & Alloys, Metalle u. Legierungen