Molecular Biology of the Parathyroid

The unraveling of the biology and disease mechanisms of the parathyroid has taken great strides in the recent few years. Parathyroid molecular biology is the first book to describe recent studies and discoveries in the field in detail. Key topics addressed include:The study of the molecular biology of the parathyroid hormone gene and its regulation by calcium, phosphate, and vitamin DThe generation of mice with genetic deletions of the parathyroid, as well as mice which fail to develop the parathyroid glandThe parathyroid s connection to the calcium receptor and its effects, such as regulation of PTH secretion, gene expression, and proliferationThe genetic mutations leading to diseases of decreased or excessive activity of the parathyroidThe mechanisms of actions associated with patients with chronic renal failure and the development of markedly excessive activity of the parathyroid that causes severe bone diseaseThis book will be essential reading to everyone interested in the latest developments in this burgeoning field.

Table des matières

Preface
1. Development of Parathyroid Glands
- Thomas Günther and Gerard Karsenty
Physiology of the Parathyroid Glands
Development of Parathyroid Glands in Vertebrates
Genetic Control of Parathyroid Gland Development
2. Parathyroid Hormone, from Gene to Protein
- Osnat Bell, Justin Silver and Tally Naveh-Many
The Prepro PTH Peptide
Homology of the Mature PTH
The PTH mRNA
Cloning of the PTH cDNAs
Homology of the cDNA Sequences
Structure of the PTH mRNA
The PTH Gene
The 5 Flanking Region
The 3' Flanking Region
Chromosomal Location of the Human PTH Gene
3. Toward an Understanding of Human Parathyroid
Hormone Structure and Function
- Lei Jin, Armen H. Tashjian, Jr., and Faming Zhang
PTH and Its Receptor Family
PTH Structural Determination
Structural Based Design of PTH Analogs
4. The Calcium Sensing Receptor
- Shozo Yano and Edward M. Brown
Biochemical Characteristics of the CaR
Disorders Presenting with Abnormalities in Calcium Metabolism and in the CaR
Signaling Pathways of the CaR
Drugs Acting on the CaR
5. Regulation of Parathyroid Hormone mRNA Stability
by Calcium and Phosphate
- Rachel Kilav, Justin Silver and Tally Naveh-Many
Regulation of the Parathyroid Gland by Calcium and Phosphate
Protein Binding and PTH mRNA Stability
Identification of the PTH mRNA 3 -UTR Binding Proteins and Their Function
Identification of the Minimal cis Acting Protein Binding Element in the PTH mRNA 3 -UTR
The Structure of the PTH cis Acting Element
6. In Silico Analysis of Regulatory Sequences in the Human Parathyroid Hormone Gene
- Alexander Kel, Maurice Scheer and Hubert Mayer
Global Homology of PTH Gene between Human and Mouse
Computer Assisted Search for Potential Cis-Regulatory Elements in PTH Gene
Phylogenetic Footprint: Identification of TF Binding Sites by Comparison of Regulatory Regions of PTH Gene of Different Organisms
Discussion
7. Regulation of Parathyroid Hormone Gene Expression by
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D
- Tally Naveh-Many and Justin Silver
Transcriptional Regulation of the PTH Gene by 1,25(OH)2D3
Calreticulin and the Action of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the PTH Gene
PTH Degradation
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism and Parathyroid Cell Proliferation
8. Vitamin D Analogs for the Treatment of Secondary
Hyperparathyroism in Chronic Renal Failure
- Alex J. Brown
Pathogenesis of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Chronic Renal Failure
Treatment of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Mechanisms for the Selectivity of Vitamin D Analogs
Future Perspectives
9. Parathyroid Gland Hyperplasia in Renal Failure
- Adriana S. Dusso, Mario Cozzolino and Eduardo Slatopolsky
Parathyroid Tissue Growth in Normal Conditions and in Renal Failure
Dietary Phosphate Regulation of Parathyroid Cell Growth in Uremia
Vitamin D Regulation of Uremia- and High Phosphate-Induced Parathyroid Cell Growth
Calcium Regulation of Uremia-Induced Parathyroid Growth
10. Molecular Mechanisms in Parathyroid Tumorigenesis
- Eitan Friedman
Oncogenes Involved in Parathyroid Tumor Development
Tumor Suppressor Genes Involved in Parathyroid Tumorigenesis
Other Molecular Pathways Involved in Parathyroid Tumorigenesis
11. Molecular Genetic Abnormalities in Sporadic Hyperparathyroidism
- Trisha M. Shattuck, Sanjay M. Mallya and Andrew Arnold
Implications of the Monoclonality of Parathyroid Tumors
Molecular Genetics of Parathyroid Adenomas
Molecular Genetics of Parathyroid Carcinoma
Molecular Genetics of Secondary and Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
12. Genetic Causes of Hypoparathyroidism
- Rachel I. Gafni and Michael A. Levine
Disorders of Parathyroid Gland Formation
Disorders of Parathyroid Hormone Synthesis or Secretion
Parathyroid Gland Destruction
Resistance to Parathyroid Hormone
13. Skeletal and Reproductive Abnormalities in Pth-Null Mice
- Dengshun Miao, Bin He, Beate Lanske, Xiu-Ying Bai,
Xin-Kang Tong, Geoffrey N. Hendy, David Goltzman
and Andrew C. K

Résumé

aintaining extracellular calcium concentrations within a narrow range is critical for the survival of most vertebrates. PTH, together with vitamin D, responds to hypocalcemia to increase extracellu­ M lar calcium levels, by acting on bone, kidney and intestine. The recent intro­ duction of PTH as a major therapeutic agent in osteoporosis has directed renewed interest in this important hormone and in the physiology of the parathyroid gland. The parathyroid is unique in that low serum calcium stimulates PTH secretion. As hypocalcemia persists, there is also an increase in PTH synthesis. Chronic hypocalcemia leads to hypertrophy and hyper­ plasia of the parathyroid gland together with increased production of the hormone. Phosphate is also a key modulator of PTH secretion, gene expres­ sion and parathyroid cell proliferation. Understanding the biology of the parathyroid as well as the mecha­ nisms of associated diseases has taken great strides in recent years. This book summarizes the molecular mechanisms involved in the function of the para­ thyroid gland. The first chapter reviews the development of the parathyroid gland and the genes involved in this process as identified using genetically manipulated mice. Then the biosynthetic pathway of PTH from gene ex­ pression to its intracellular processing and the sequences in the gene control­ ling its transcription as well as those regulating mRNA processing, stability and translation are described.

Détails du produit

• Auteurs: Tally Naveh-Many
• Collaboration: T. Naveh-Many (Editeur), Tall Naveh-Many (Editeur), Tally Naveh-Many (Editeur)
• Edition: Springer Netherlands
• Langues: Anglais
• Format d'édition: Livre Relié
• Sortie: 01.01.2005
• EAN: 9780306478475
• ISBN: 978-0-306-47847-5
• Pages: 199
• Illustrations: 66 SW-Abb., 5 Farbabb., XIV, 199 p.
• Thèmes: Molecular Biology Intelligence Unit; Molecular Biology Intelligence Unit
• Catégories: Sciences naturelles, médecine, informatique, technique > Médecine > Spécialités non cliniques; C, INTERNAL MEDICINE, Endocrinology, Nephrology, molecular biology, Biomedical and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research, Renal medicine & nephrology, Molecular Medicine