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This book has been written while the author was a member of the long-term research program "Internationalization of the Economy" (Sonderforschungsbereich 178) at the University of Konstanz. Its subject, the harmonization of commodity taxes in the European Community's internal market, has been intensely - and controversially - debated among both economists and legal scholars. The interdisciplinary contacts in the research program have contributed to the shape of the present study, even though the analysis is confined to the economic aspects involved. lowe sincere thanks to my academic teacher, Professor Bernd Genser, who con stantly supported this work with both general advice and detailed comments and who created within his research unit a stimulating and cooperative environment. Professor Albert Schweinberger shared some of his expertise on trade issues with me and made a number of valuable suggestions. I am also grateful to Professor Hans Jurgen Vosgerau for his successful efforts to create favorable working conditions, and for support on several occasions. I have further benefitted from discussions with both members and non-members of the research program in Konstanz. Helpful comments and suggestions were re ceived from Max Albert, Professor John Chipman, Karl-Josef Koch, Professor Wil helm Kohler, Jurgen Meckl, Gunther Schulze, Professor John Whalley, and Professor Wolfgang Wiegard. Stefan Menner introduced to me the legal perspective on tax har monization and helped me to overcome at least some of the barriers of specialization.
Table des matières
1 The Policy Setting.- 1.1 Basic Concepts of International Taxation.- 1.2 The Harmonization Process in the EC.- 1.3 Feasible International Tax Principles.- 2 Theoretical Aspects.- 2.1 Introduction: Domestic Taxes and Foreign Trade.- 2.2 Trade Distortions vs. Domestic Efficiency.- 2.3 Fiscal vs. Political Externalities.- 2.4 Optimal Taxation vs. Tax Reform Analysis.- 2.5 Application to EC Policy Issues.- 3 A Dual General Equilibrium Framework.- 3.1 The Trade Model and its Assumptions.- 3.2 Dual Functions and their Properties.- 3.3 Introducing General Commodity Taxes.- 3.4 General Tax Principles.- 4 Restricted Destination Principle.- 4.1 The Two-Country Model.- 4.2 Tax Reform and Terms of Trade Changes.- 4.3 Introducing Changes in the Tax Base.- 4.4 Global Welfare Effects of Tax Reform.- 5 Restricted Origin Principle.- 5.1 The Three-Country Model.- 5.2 Tax Reform in the Small-Union Case.- 5.3 Tax Reform with Endogenous World Prices.- 5.4 Supplement: Trade Deflection.- 5.5 Summary: The Limitations of Theoretical Analysis.- 6 Alternative Tax Principles: A Numerical Comparison.- 6.1 The Empirical Model.- 6.2 The Data Base.- 6.3 Simulation Results for Homogeneous Goods.- 6.4 Extending the Model: Differentiated Goods.- 6.5 A Second-Best Tax Principle for the EC.- 7 Tax Rate Harmonization.- 7.1 Public Goods in the Dual Framework.- 7.2 Heterogeneous Preferences for Public Goods.- 7.3 Tax Competition and Public Good Supply.- 7.4 Optimal Tax Rate Harmonization in the EC.- 8 Summary and Outlook.- 8.1 Summary: Evaluating the Policy Choices.- 8.2 Outlook: International Capital Movements.- Appendix 189.- Appendix A: Derivation of Selected Equations.- Appendix B: MPS/GE Simulation Results.- Appendix C: List of Symbols Used.
