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Klappentext Enzymes are giant macromolecules which catalyse biochemical reactions. They are remarkable in many ways. Their three-dimensional structures are highly complex, yet they are formed by spontaneous folding of a linear polypeptide chain. Their catalytic properties are far more impressive than synthetic catalysts which operate under more extreme conditions. Each enzyme catalyses a single chemical reaction on a particular chemical substrate with very high enantioselectivity and enantiospecificity at rates which approach "catalytic perfection". Living cells are capable of carrying out a huge repertoire of enzyme-catalysed chemical reactions, some of which have little or no precedent in organic chemistry.The popular textbook Introduction to Enzyme and Coenzyme Chemistry has been thoroughly updated to include information on the most recent advances in our understanding of enzyme action, with additional recent examples from the literature used to illustrate key points. A major new feature is the inclusion of two-colour figures, and the addition of over 40 new figures of the active sites of enzymes discussed in the text, in order to illustrate the interplay between enzyme structure and function.This new edition provides a concise but comprehensive account from the perspective of organic chemistry, what enzymes are, how they work, and how they catalyse many of the major classes of enzymatic reactions, and will continue to prove invaluable to both undergraduate and postgraduate students of organic, bio-organic and medicinal chemistry, chemical biology, biochemistry and biotechnology. Zusammenfassung Enzymes are giant macromolecules which catalyse biochemical reactions. They are remarkable in many ways. Their three-dimensional structures are highly complex, yet they are formed by spontaneous folding of a linear polypeptide chain. Inhaltsverzeichnis Preface ixRepresentation of Protein Three-Dimensional Structures x1 From Jack Beans to Designer Genes 11.1 Introduction 11.2 The discovery of enzymes 11.3 The discovery of coenzymes 31.4 The commercial importance of enzymes in biosynthesis and biotechnology 31.5 The importance of enzymes as targets for drug discovery 62 All Enzymes Are Proteins 72.1 Introduction 72.2 The structures of the L-alpha-amino acids 72.3 The primary structure of polypeptides 92.4 Alignment of amino acid sequences 112.5 Secondary structures found in proteins 122.6 The folded tertiary structure of proteins 152.7 Enzyme structure and function 172.8 Metallo-enzymes 202.9 Membrane-associated enzymes 212.10 Glycoproteins 233 Enzymes Are Wonderful Catalysts 263.1 Introduction 263.2 A thermodynamic model of catalysis 283.3 Proximity effects 303.4 The importance of transition state stabilisation 323.5 Acid/base catalysis in enzymatic reactions 363.6 Nucleophilic catalysis in enzymatic reactions 403.7 The use of strain energy in enzyme catalysis 443.8 Desolvation of substrate and active site nucleophiles 453.9 Catalytic perfection 463.10 The involvement of protein dynamics in enzyme catalysis 474 Methods for Studying Enzymatic Reactions 504.1 Introduction 504.2 Enzyme purification 504.3 Enzyme kinetics 524.4 The stereochemical course of an enzymatic reaction 594.5 The existence of intermediates in enzymatic reactions 644.6 Analysis of transition states in enzymatic reactions 684.7 Determination of active site catalytic groups 715 Hydrolytic and Group Transfer Enzymes 775.1 Introduction 775.2 The peptidases 79CASE STUDY: HIV-1 protease 905.3 Esterases and lipases 925.4 Acyl transfer reactions in biosynthesis (coenzyme A) 935.5 Enzymatic phosphoryl transfer reactions 955.6 Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) 1015.7 Enzymatic glycosyl transfer reactions 1025.8 Methyl group transfer: use of S-adenosyl methionine and tetrahydrofolatecoenzymes for one-carbon transfers 1076 Enzymatic Redox Chemistry...
