Petroleum Refining Design and Applications Handbook, Volume 4 - Heat Transfer, Pinch Analysis, and Process Safety Incidents

PETROLEUM REFINING
 
This fourth volume in the Petroleum Refining set, this book continues the most up-to-date and comprehensive coverage of the most significant and recent changes to petroleum refining, presenting the state-of-the-art to the engineer, scientist, or student.
 
This book provides the design of heat exchanger equipment, crude oil fouling in pre-heat train exchangers, crude oil fouling models, fouling mitigation and monitoring, prevention and control of liquid and gas side fouling, using the Excel spreadsheet and UniSim design software for the design of shell and tube heat exchangers, double pipe heat exchangers, air-cooled exchangers, heat loss tracing for process piping, pinch analysis for hot and cold utility targets and process safety incidents involving these equipment items and pertinent industrial case studies.
 
Use of UniSim Design (UniSim STE) software is illustrated in further elucidation of the design of shell and tube heat exchangers, condensers, and UniSim ExchangerNet R470 for the design of heat exchanger networks using pinch analysis. This is important for determining minimum cold and hot utility requirements, composite curves of hot and cold streams, the grand composite curve, the heat exchanger network, and the relationship between operating cost index target and the capital cost index target against "Tmin.
 
Useful as a textbook, this is also an excellent, handy go-to reference for the veteran engineer, a volume no chemical or process engineering library should be without. Written by one of the world's foremost authorities, this book sets the standard for the industry and is an integral part of the petroleum refining renaissance. It is truly a must-have for any practicing engineer or student in this area.
 
This groundbreaking new volume:
* Assists engineers in rapidly analyzing problems and finding effective design methods and select mechanical specifications
* Provides improved design manuals to methods and proven fundamentals of process design with related data and charts
* Covers a complete range of basic day-to-day petroleum refining operations topics with new materials on significant industry changes
* Extensive Excel spreadsheets for the design of process vessels for mechanical separation of two-phase and three-phase fluids, double-pipe heat exchanger, air-cooled exchanger, pinch analysis for hot and cold utility targets.
* Provides UniSim (r)-based case studies for enabling simulation of key processes outlined in the book
* Helps achieve optimum operations and process conditions and shows how to translate design fundamentals into mechanical equipment specifications
* Has a related website that includes computer applications along with spreadsheets and concise applied process design flow charts and process data sheets
* Provides various case studies of process safety incidents in refineries and means of mitigating these from investigations by the US Chemical Safety Board
* Includes a vast Glossary of Petroleum and Technical Terminology

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Preface xix
 
Acknowledgments xxii
 
21 Heat Transfer 1
 
21.1 Introduction 1
 
21.1.1 Types of Heat Transfer Equipment Terminology 2
 
21.2 Details of Exchange Equipment 19
 
Assembly and Arrangement 19
 
Construction Codes 19
 
Thermal Rating Standards 19
 
Details of Stationary Heads 19
 
Exchanger Shell Types 20
 
21.3 Factors Affecting Shell Selection 24
 
21.3.1 Details of Rear End Heads 25
 
21.4 Common Combinations of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers 26
 
AES 26
 
BEM 26
 
AEP 27
 
CFU 28
 
AKT 28
 
AJW 28
 
Tubes 29
 
21.5 Bending of Tubing 56
 
Baffles 56
 
Tube Side Baffles (TEMA uses Pass Partition Plates) 56
 
21.6 Shell-Side Baffles and Tube Supports 57
 
Tie Rods 67
 
Tubesheets 67
 
Tube Joints in Tubesheets 69
 
Seal Strips 72
 
Example 21.1 Determine Outside Heat Transfer Area of Heat Exchanger Bundle 73
 
Tubesheets Layouts 73
 
21.7 Tube Counts in Shells 73
 
Applications of Tube Pitch Arrangements 93
 
21.8 Exchanger Surface Area 93
 
Number of Tubes 93
 
Exact Distance Between Faces of Tubesheets 94
 
Net Effective Tube Length 94
 
Exact Baffle Spacing 94
 
Impingement Baffle Location 94
 
Effective Tube Surface 94
 
Effective Tube Length for U-Tube Heat Exchangers 107
 
21.9 Tube Vibration 107
 
21.9.1 Vibration Mechanisms 109
 
21.9.2 Treatment of Vibration Problems 110
 
21.9.3 Corrective Measures 110
 
Example 21.2 Use of U-Tube Area Chart 111
 
Nozzle Connections to Shell and Heads 112
 
21.10 Types of Heat Exchange Operations 112
 
21.10.1 Thermal Design 112
 
21.10.2 Temperature Difference: Two Fluid Transfer 116
 
Example 21.3 One Shell Pass, Two Tubes Passes Parallel-Counterflow Exchanger Cross, After Murty 117
 
21.10.3 Mean Temperature Difference or Log Mean Temperature Difference 120
 
21.10.4 Log Mean Temperature Difference Correction Factor, F 123
 
21.10.5 Correction for Multipass Flow Through Heat Exchangers 133
 
Example 21.4 Performance Examination for Exit Temperature of Fluids 134
 
Example 21.5 Calculation of Weighted MTD 136
 
Example 21.6 Calculation of LMTD and Correction 137
 
Example 21.7 Calculate the LMTD 140
 
Solution 140
 
Temperature for Fluid Properties Evaluation-Caloric Temperature 142
 
Tube Wall Temperature 142
 
Example 21.8 Heating of Glycerin in a Multipass Heat Exchanger 145
 
Solution 145
 
21.11 The Effectiveness--NTU Method 148
 
Example 21.9 Heating Water in a Counter Current Flow Heat Exchanger 148
 
Solution 152
 
Example 21.10 LMTD and epsilon-NTU Methods 154
 
Solution 154
 
Example 21.11 156
 
Solution 156
 
21.12 Pressure Drop, Deltap 158
 
21.12.1 Frictional Pressure Drop 164
 
21.12.2 Factors Affecting Pressure Drop (Deltap) 168
 
Tube-Side Pressure Drop, Deltapf 169
 
Shell-Side Pressure Drop Deltapf 170
 
Shell Nozzle Pressure Drop (Deltap noz) 172
 
Total Shell-Side Pressure Drop, Deltap total 172
 
21.13 Heat Balance 173
 
Heat Load or Duty 173
 
Example 21.12 Heat Duty of a Condenser with Liquid Subcooling 174
 
21.14 Transfer Area 174
 
Over Surface and Over Design 174
 
21.15 Fouling of Tube Surface 175
 
21.15.1 Crude Oil Fouling In Pre-Heat Train Exch

Über den Autor / die Autorin

Kayode Coker PhD, is Engineering Consultant for AKC Technology, an Honorary Research Fellow at the University of Wolverhampton, U.K., a former Engineering Coordinator at Saudi Aramco Shell Refinery Company and Chairman of the department of Chemical Engineering Technology at Jubail Industrial College, Saudi Arabia. He has been a chartered chemical engineer for more than 30 years. He is a Fellow of the Institution of Chemical Engineers, U.K. and a senior member of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. He holds a B.Sc. honors degree in Chemical Engineering, a Master of Science degree in Process Analysis and Development and Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering, all from Aston University, Birmingham, U.K. and a Teacher's Certificate in Education at the University of London, U.K. He has directed and conducted short courses extensively throughout the world and has been a lecturer at the university level. His articles have been published in several international journals. He is an author of five books in chemical engineering, a contributor to the Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design. Vol 61. He was named as one of the International Biographical Centre's Leading Engineers of the World for 2008. Also, he is a member of International Who's Who of Professionals^TM and Madison Who's Who in the U.S.

Produktdetails

• Autoren: A Kayode Coker, A. Kayode Coker, Coker A. Kayode
• Verlag: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Sprache: Englisch
• Produktform: Fester Einband
• Erschienen: 16.02.2023
• EAN: 9781119827528
• ISBN: 978-1-119-82752-8
• Seiten: 1088
• Themen: Naturwissenschaften, Medizin, Informatik, Technik > Technik > Wärme-, Energie- und Kraftwerktechnik; Chemie, Erdöl, Energie, ENERGY, fossile Brennstoffe, Prozesssteuerung, chemistry, Petrochemie, Chemical Engineering, chemische Verfahrenstechnik, Fossil fuels, Petrochemie / Brennstoffindustrie, Petrochemistry / Fuel, Process Engineering, Erdölraffination