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Oil and Gas Well Cementing for Engineers
Practical approach covering the chemistry, processes, and modeling in the field of cementing engineering
Oil and Gas Well Cementing for Engineers is a comprehensive and reader-friendly book that delves into the chemistry, processes, and modeling involved in cementing engineering in the oil and gas industry. The book brings together traditional cementing technologies and the latest advancements, providing a practical approach for both students and field specialists.
It then proceeds to cover the entire cementing process, including the initial phase of Portland cement production and practical calculations needed during complex cementing operations.
In a rapidly evolving industry, where the number of well workover and bottom-hole zone stimulation operations is on the rise, understanding cementing systems and cementing technology is crucial for field operation efficiency. This book fills the knowledge gap often left by educational institutions that fail to provide well cementing as a separate course, opting to cover only fragments of the process within related subjects.
Oil and Gas Well Cementing for Engineers serves as an essential primer for students, offering a comprehensive overview of cementing operations. For field specialists, the book provides practical insights and calculations required on-site, making it a valuable resource for enhancing operational proficiency.
The logical sequence in which the material is presented simplifies the reader's perception, making it easier to grasp the wide range of information covered in the book. Whether you are a student or an industry professional, this practical guide offers a wealth of knowledge on cementing technology, empowering you to excel in oil and gas well construction and production processes.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Foreword xiii
Introduction xv
1 Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Well Cementing 1
1.1 Oil Well, Its Elements, and Construction 1
1.2 Objectives of Well Cementing 5
1.3 Primary Cementing 9
1.3.1 Single-Stage Cementing with Two Plugs 10
1.3.2 Two-Stage (Two-Cycle) Cementing 11
1.3.3 Basket Cementing 12
1.3.4 Liner Cementing 13
1.3.5 Reverse Cementing 14
1.3.6 Cementing Plugs 14
1.4 History of Oil Well Cementing Technology Development 16
2 Composition and Classification of Portland Cement 19
2.1 Chemical Composition 19
2.2 Portland Cement Manufacturing 22
2.3 API (American Petroleum Institute) Classification of Portland Cement 24
2.4 GOST Classification of Portland Cement 29
3 Cement Additives 31
3.1 Introduction 31
3.2 Accelerators 32
3.3 Retarders 36
3.3.1 Lignosulfonates 37
3.3.2 Hydroxycarboxylic Acid 38
3.3.3 Saccharide Compounds 38
3.3.4 Cellulose Derivatives 38
3.3.5 Organophosphonates 39
3.3.6 Inorganic Compounds 39
3.4 Extenders 39
3.4.1 Clays 40
3.4.2 Sodium Silicate 43
3.4.3 Pozzolans 43
3.4.3.1 Diatomaceous Earth (Kieselgur) 44
3.4.3.2 Fly Ash 44
3.4.3.3 Lightweight Cementing Slurries 45
3.4.3.4 Silica (Silicon Dioxide, Quartz) 45
3.4.4 Lightweight Particles 46
3.4.4.1 Expanded Perlite 46
3.4.4.2 Gilsonite (Asphaltum) 46
3.4.4.3 Powdered Carbon 47
3.4.4.4 Microspheres 47
3.4.5 Gas Based Extenders 48
3.4.5.1 Nitrogen 48
3.5 Weighting Agents 48
3.5.1 Ilmenite (Iron Titanium Oxide) 49
3.5.2 Hematite 49
3.5.3 Hausmannite 49
3.5.4 Barite 50
3.6 Dispersants 50
3.7 Fluid Loss Agents 53
3.7.1 Particulate Materials 54
3.7.2 Water Soluble Polymers 54
3.8 Lost Circulation Prevention Agents 55
3.9 Special Cement Additives 55
3.9.1 Antifoaming Agents (Defoamers) 55
3.9.2 Strengthening Agents 56
3.9.3 Radioactive Tracers 56
3.9.4 Mud Decontamination 57
4 Special Cement Systems 59
4.1 Thixotropic Cement 59
4.2 Expansive Cement 61
4.3 Freeze-Protected Cement 62
4.4 Salt-Cement Systems 63
4.5 Latex-Cement Systems 64
4.6 Corrosion-Resistant Cement 65
4.7 BFS Systems 66
4.8 Engineered Particle-Size Distribution Cements 67
4.9 Low-Density Cements 69
4.9.1 Foamed Cement 69
4.10 Flexible Cement 70
4.11 Microfine Cements 71
4.12 Acid-Soluble Cements 72
4.13 Chemically Bonded Phosphate Ceramics 72
4.14 Special Cement Systems 73
4.14.1 Nonaqueous Cement Systems 73
4.14.2 Storable Cement Slurries 73
5 Cementing Equipment 75
5.1 Surface Equipment 75
5.2 Casing Types 84
5.2.1 Conductor Casing 86
5.2.2 Surface Casing 86
5.2.3 Intermediate Casing 86
5.2.4 Production Casing 86
5.2.5 Liner 87
5.3 Technical Characteristics of Casing 88
5.3.1 Steel Grades 88
5.3.2 Strength Characteristics of Casing 91
5.3.3 Weight Per Unit Length of Tube 94
5.3.4 Connection Types of Casing 95
5.4 Casing Hardware 96
5.4.1 Casing Shoe 96
5.4.2 Check Valve 99
5.4.3 Centralizer 100
Über den Autor / die Autorin
Baghir A. Suleimanov is Deputy Director of the "OilGasScientificResearchProject" Institute, SOCAR, Doctor of Technical Sciences and a Corresponding member of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences.
Elchin F. Veliyev is Manager of Laboratory of Analytical Researches at the "OilGasScientificResearchProject" Institute, SOCAR, Doctor of Philosophy.
Azizagha A. Aliyev is Scientific Assistant at the Laboratory of Analytical Researches, "OilGasScientificResearchProject" Institute, SOCAR.
