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Microconstituents in the Environment
Comprehensive introduction to managing novel pollutants commonly released into the environment through industrial and everyday processes
Microconstituents in the Environment: Occurrence, Fate, Removal and Management provides the readers with an understanding of the occurrence and fate of microconstituents, pollutants that have not previously been detected or regulated under current environmental laws or may cause known or suspected adverse ecological and/or human health effects even at insignificant levels, covering their presence in the environment and possible management strategies. The text is practice-oriented and evaluates a wide range of technologies for pollutant removal and how to implement them in the field.
In Microconstituents in the Environment, readers will find information on:
* Fundamental ideas regarding microconstituents, including their classification, major sources, and detection methods, and their removal via biological treatment techniques
* Fate and transport of microconstituents in various environmental domains, including mathematical modeling based on remote sensing techniques
* Physicochemical treatment techniques for microconstituents, including precipitation, absorption, filtration, membrane separation, and oxidation
* Sustainability and environmental management, including the regulatory framework and requirements for developing a new field application, plus an outlook on green design concepts
With its emphasis on management and remediation, Microconstituents in the Environment is a highly useful one-stop resource on the subject for environmental scientists, modelers, government agencies, and research scientists working in the field of environmental pollution.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Contents
Preface xix
List of Contributors xxi
About the Editors xxix
Part I Fundamental Ideas Regarding Microconstituents in the Environment 1
1 Introduction to Microconstituents 3
Manaswini Behera, Prangya Ranjan Rout, Puspendu Bhunia, Rao Y. Surampalli, Tian C. Zhang, Chih-Ming Kao, and Makarand M. Ghangrekar
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Classification of Microconstituents 5
1.3 Source of Microconstituents 10
1.4 Physical and Chemical Properties of Microconstituents 17
1.5 Impact on Human Society and Ecosystem 18
1.6 The Structure of the Book 24
1.7 Conclusions 26
2 Occurrence 37
Prangya Ranjan Rout, Manaswini Behera, Puspendu Bhunia, Tian C. Zhang, and Rao Y. Surampalli
2.1 Introduction 37
2.2 Goals of Occurrence Survey 40
2.3 Environmental Occurrence of Microconstituents 40
2.4 Challenges and Future Prospective in Occurrence Survey 49
2.5 Conclusions 49
3 Sampling, Characterization, and Monitoring 55
Mansi Achhoda, Nirmalya Halder, Lavanya Adagadda, Sanjoy Gorai, Meena Kumari Sharma, Naresh Kumar Sahoo, Sasmita Chand, and Prangya Ranjan Rout
3.1 Introduction 55
3.2 Sampling Protocols of Different Microconstituents 56
3.3 Quantification and Analysis of Microconstituents 63
3.4 Source Tracking Techniques 73
3.5 Remote Sensing and GIS Applications for Monitoring 77
3.6 Conclusions 79
4 Toxicity Assessment of Microconstituents in the Environment 89
Nagireddi Jagadeesh, Baranidharan Sundaram, and Brajesh Kumar Dubey
4.1 Introduction 89
4.2 Microplastics in the Environment 91
4.3 Microplastics Pathways, Fate, and Behavior in the Environment 92
4.4 Concentration of Microplastics in the Environment 94
4.5 Influence of Microplastics on Microorganisms 94
4.6 Toxicity Mechanisms 95
4.7 Risk Assessment 98
4.8 Future Challenges in Quantification of the Environment 99
4.9 Conclusions 99
Part II The Fate and Transportation of Microconstituents 107
5 Mathematical Transport System of Microconstituents 109
Dwarikanath Ratha, Richa Babbar, K.S. Hariprasad, C.S.P. Ojha, Manoj Baranwal, Prangya Ranjan Rout, and Aditya Parihar
5.1 Introduction 109
5.2 Need for Mathematical Models 111
5.3 Fundamentals of Pollutant Transport Modeling 112
5.4 Development of Numerical Model 117
5.5 Application of Models 123
5.6 Softwares for Pollutant Transport 126
5.7 Mathematical and Computational Limitation 126
5.8 Conclusions 129
6 Groundwater Contamination by Microconstituents 133
Jiun-Hau Ou, Ku-Fan Chen, Rao Y. Surampalli, Tian C. Zhang, and Chih-Ming Kao
6.1 Introduction 133
6.2 Major Microconstituents in Groundwater 134
6.3 Mechanisms for Groundwater Contamination By Microconstituents 135
6.4 Modeling Transport of Microconstituents 136
6.5 Limitations 139
6.6 Concluding Remarks 139
7 Microconstituents in Surface Water 143
Po-Jung Huang, Fang-Yu Liang, Thakshila Nadeeshani Dharmapriya, and Chih-Ming Kao
7.1 Introduction 143
7.2 Major Microconstituents in Surface Water 143
7.3 Water Cycles, Sources, and Pathways of Microconstituents, and the Applicability of Mathematical Models 152
7.4 Fate and Transport of Microconstituents in Aquatic Environments 157
7.5 Modeling of Microconstituents in Aquatic Environments 161
7.6 Concl
Über den Autor / die Autorin
Rao Y. Surampalli is President and Chief Executive Officer of the Global Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainability (GIEES) in Lenexa, USA and Distinghished Visiting Professor at several universities across the world.
Tian C. Zhang is Professor in the department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln (UNL), USA.
Chih-Ming Kao is Distinguished Chair Professor in the Institute of Environmental Engineering at the National Sun Yat-sen University in Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Makarand M. Ghangrekar is Institute Chair Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India.
Puspendu Bhunia is Professor of Environmental Engineering in the School of Infrastructure, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, India.
Manaswini Behera is Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering in the School of Infrastructure, Indian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar, India.
Prangya R. Rout is Assistant Professor in the Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India.
Zusammenfassung
Microconstituents in the Environment
Comprehensive introduction to managing novel pollutants commonly released into the environment through industrial and everyday processes
Microconstituents in the Environment: Occurrence, Fate, Removal and Management provides the readers with an understanding of the occurrence and fate of microconstituents, pollutants that have not previously been detected or regulated under current environmental laws or may cause known or suspected adverse ecological and/or human health effects even at insignificant levels, covering their presence in the environment and possible management strategies. The text is practice-oriented and evaluates a wide range of technologies for pollutant removal and how to implement them in the field.
In Microconstituents in the Environment, readers will find information on:
* Fundamental ideas regarding microconstituents, including their classification, major sources, and detection methods, and their removal via biological treatment techniques
* Fate and transport of microconstituents in various environmental domains, including mathematical modeling based on remote sensing techniques
* Physicochemical treatment techniques for microconstituents, including precipitation, absorption, filtration, membrane separation, and oxidation
* Sustainability and environmental management, including the regulatory framework and requirements for developing a new field application, plus an outlook on green design concepts
With its emphasis on management and remediation, Microconstituents in the Environment is a highly useful one-stop resource on the subject for environmental scientists, modelers, government agencies, and research scientists working in the field of environmental pollution.
