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EQUINE CLINICAL NUTRITIONAuthoritative resource on the nutritional management of horses, now incorporating the iterative learning processThe second edition of Equine Clinical Nutrition is a fully updated and expanded revision of the classic student text on nutritional management of horses, covering updated nutrient recommendations, rations, feeding management, clinical nutrition and many other important topics in the field. To aid in reader comprehension, this new edition takes a new instructional approach to nutritional management using an iterative sequence of defined procedures.Divided into distinct sections for easy accessibility, this book is a comprehensive resource for feeding practices and management of healthy and sick horses alike. A thorough understanding of life stages, anatomy, physiology, and behavior underpins the practice of clinical nutrition.Sample topics covered in Equine Clinical Nutrition include: The evolution of horses to changing food supply, the importance of their microbiome, and the behavior patterns of feeding and drinking Nutrient metabolism of water, energy, protein, minerals, and vitamins, plus ration assessment, farm investigations, forages, and toxic plants Manufactured feeds, dietary supplements, USA feed regulations, and feed safety protocols Nutritional assessment of horses by life stage, recognizing pain and discomfort behaviors, and dietary management of weight and major system disorders Equine Clinical Nutrition is an essential text for students of veterinary medicine, animal science, pre-veterinary programs, and a desk reference for equine practitioners wanting practical clinical feeding recommendations. With comprehensive coverage of the topic, it is an essential text for everything related to nutrition in horses.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Contributors xvi
Preface xix
Section I The Horse 1
Animal Assessment 3
1 Feeding Horses: Back to Evolution 5
Rebecca L. Remillard
1.1 Introduction 5
1.2 The Evolution of Equus 6
1.2.1 Environmental Changes 6
1.2.2 Musculoskeletal System Changes in Response to Predation on the Open Plains 7
1.2.3 Alimentary System Changes in Response to a Changing Food Supply 8
1.3 Equine Nutrient Requirements vs. Recommendations 10
References 13
2 Nutritional Assessment of the Horse 15
Shannon Pratt Phillips and Meri Stratton- Phelps
2.1 Introduction 15
2.2 Obtaining a History 16
2.3 Physical Examination 16
2.3.1 Determining Body Weight 17
2.3.2 Estimating Body Composition 19
2.3.3 Body Condition Scoring 21
2.4 Changes in Body Weight 22
2.4.1 Etiology of Weight Loss 24
2.4.2 Weight Gain in Adult Horses 26
2.5 Laboratory Tests 26
2.5.1 Weight Loss or Low Body Condition Score 26
2.5.2 Weight Gain or High Body Condition Score 27
2.5.3 Mineral and Vitamin Imbalances 27
References 30
3 The Horse: Host 33
Veronique Julliand, Sarah L. Ralston, and Rebecca L. Remillard
3.1 Introduction 33
3.2 Oral Cavity 34
3.3 Stomach 38
3.4 Small Intestine, Pancreas, and Liver 40
3.5 Cecum and Large Colon 43
3.6 Small Colon, Rectum, and Defecation 46
References 47
4 The Horse: Microbiome 51
Veronique Julliand and J. Scott Weese
4.1 Introduction 51
4.2 Microbiota in Adult Healthy Horses 52
4.3 Microbiota in Healthy Foals and Young Horses 54
4.4 The Role of the Microbiota 55
4.4.1 Nourishment 55
4.4.2 Disease 57
4.5 Exogenous Impacts on and Manipulation of the Microbiome 58
4.5.1 Diet 58
4.5.2 Probiotics 59
4.5.3 Prebiotics 60
4.5.4 Drugs 60
4.5.5 Other Factors 61
4.5.6 Fecal Microbial Transplantation 61
4.6 Assessment of the Microbiota and Microbiome 61
4.6.1 Sampling Sites and Types 62
4.6.2 Sample Handling 62
4.6.3 Testing Methods 62
4.7 Summary 63
References 63
Section II The Diet 69
Nutrient Metabolism 71
5 Water 73
Jonathan M. Naylor
5.1 Water as a Nutrient 73
5.2 Body Water Content 74
5.3 Water Requirement 74
5.4 Water Deficiency 76
5.5 Watering Devices 77
5.6 Sources of Water 78
5.7 Water Quality 79
5.8 Water as Habitat for Disease Vectors and Insects 82
References 83
6 Energy 86
Richard Godbee and Robert Coleman
6.1 The Concept of Energy 86
6.2 Dietary Energy 89
6.2.1 Dietary Carbohydrates 89
6.2.2 Dietary Fats 91
6.3 Horse Energy Requirements 93
6.3.1 Cold Weather Care 95
6.3.2 Hot Weather Care 96
References 97
7 Protein 100
Patricia Graham- Thiers
7.1 Function and Composition 100
7.2 Dietary Protein 101
7.2.1 Protein Digestion 101
7.2.2 Protein Quality 102
7.2.3 Ideal Protein 104
7.2.4 Protein Supplements 104
7.2.5 Non- Protein Nitrogen Sources 105
7.2.6 Protein Imbalance 105
7.3 Horse Protein Requirements by Life Stage 106
7.3.1 Maintenance 106
7.3.2 Growth 108
7.3.3 Gestation 108
7.3.4 Lactation 108<
