Mehr lesen
Master the fundamentals of resilient power grid control applications with this up-to-date resource from four industry leaders
Resilient Control Architectures and Power Systems delivers a unique perspective on the singular challenges presented by increasing automation in society. In particular, the book focuses on the difficulties presented by the increased automation of the power grid. The authors provide a simulation of this real-life system, offering an accurate and comprehensive picture of a how a power control system works and, even more importantly, how it can fail.
The editors invite various experts in the field to describe how and why power systems fail due to cyber security threats, human error, and complex interdependencies. They also discuss promising new concepts researchers are exploring that promise to make these control systems much more resilient to threats of all kinds. Finally, resilience fundamentals and applications are also investigated to allow the reader to apply measures that ensure adequate operation in complex control systems.
Among a variety of other foundational and advanced topics, you'll learn about:
* The fundamentals of power grid infrastructure, including grid architecture, control system architecture, and communication architecture
* The disciplinary fundamentals of control theory, human-system interfaces, and cyber security
* The fundamentals of resilience, including the basis of resilience, its definition, and benchmarks, as well as cross-architecture metrics and considerations
* The application of resilience concepts, including cyber security challenges, control challenges, and human challenges
* A discussion of research challenges facing professionals in this field today
Perfect for research students and practitioners in fields concerned with increasing power grid automation, Resilient Control Architectures and Power Systems also has a place on the bookshelves of members of the Control Systems Society, the Systems, Man and Cybernetics Society, the Computer Society, the Power and Energy Society, and similar organizations.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Foreword xv
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xxiii
Editors Biography xxv
List of Contributors xxvii
Part I Introduction 1
1 Basis, Definition, and Application 3
Craig Rieger
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Definition and Application 3
References 6
2 General Use Case Introduction 7
Brian Johnson
2.1 Introduction 7
2.2 Importance of Resilient Controls for Power Systems 7
2.3 Power Systems Operations and Control 7
2.4 Summary 9
References 9
Part II Infrastructure Fundamentals 11
3 Power Grid Architecture 13
Brian Johnson and Rômulo Bainy
Objectives 13
3.1 Introduction 13
3.2 Classical Power System Architectures 14
3.3 Emerging Architecture Trends 17
3.3.1 Smart Grids 17
3.3.2 Microgrids 20
3.4 Power Systems Operations and Control 22
3.5 Power Systems Planning 24
3.5.1 Modeling and Simulation 25
3.6 Measures of Performance 26
3.7 Summary 29
Further Reading 30
References 31
4 Control System Architecture 33
Thomas Baldwin
Objectives 33
4.1 Introduction 33
4.1.1 Background 33
4.1.2 Basic Generator Control Loops 34
4.1.3 Load Frequency Control 35
4.1.4 The Generator 35
4.1.5 The Load 36
4.1.6 The Turbine-Based Prime Mover 37
4.1.7 The Speed Governor 38
4.1.8 The Load Frequency Control Loop 39
4.1.9 Multiple Generators Operating with LFC 40
4.2 Automatic Generation Control 42
4.2.1 Background 42
4.2.2 The AGC in Single Area Systems 42
4.2.3 The AGC in Multi-Area Systems 43
4.2.4 The Tie Line 43
4.2.5 Tie Line Control 47
4.2.6 AGC with Generation Allocation 47
4.3 Reactive Power and Voltage Control 49
4.3.1 Background 49
4.3.2 Voltage Sensor 51
4.3.3 Amplifier 51
4.3.4 Exciter 51
4.3.5 Generator 51
4.3.6 The Voltage Control Loop 52
4.4 Excitation System Stabilizer 52
4.4.1 Rate Feedback Method 52
4.4.2 PID Controller 54
4.5 Summary 55
Further Reading 56
5 Communication Architecture 57
Chris Dyer
Objectives 57
5.1 Introduction 57
5.2 Communication Media 58
5.2.1 CopperWire 59
5.2.1.1 Telecommunication Industry Association (TIA)/Electronic Industries Association (EIA) RS-232 59
5.2.1.2 Twisted Pair (TIA RS-485) 59
5.2.1.3 Twisted Pair (Ethernet [10Base-T]) 60
5.2.2 Fiber-Optic Cable 60
5.2.2.1 Optical Ground Wire (OPGW) 61
5.2.2.2 All-Dielectric Self-Supporting (ADSS) Cables 62
5.2.2.3 Underground Cables 62
5.2.2.4 Splice Box 63
5.2.2.5 Fiber-optic Terminations 63
5.2.3 Patch Panel 65
5.2.3.1 Patch Cables 65
5.2.3.2 Fiber-optic Loss Calculations 66
5.2.4 Radio-Frequency (RF) Communications 66
5.2.4.1 Microwave 66
5.2.4.2 VHF/UHF Radio 68
5.2.4.3 Spread-Spectrum Communication 68
5.2.4.4 Mesh Communication Networks 68
5.2.4.5 Radio Propagation and Path Studies 68
5.2.5 Local Area Networks 68
5.2.5.1 Business Enterprise Networks 69
5.2.5.2 Operational Enterprise Networks 69
5.2.5.3 Remote Outstation Networks 73
5.2.6 Backhaul Communications 78
5.2.7 Emerging Technologies and Other Considerati
Über den Autor / die Autorin
Craig Rieger, PhD, is Chief Control Systems Research Engineer at the Idaho National Laboratory. His research focus is on next generation resilient control systems.
Ronald Boring, PhD, is Researcher and Principal Investigator at Idaho National Laboratory. His primary research foci are on human reliability, human factors, and human-computer interaction forums. Brian Johnson, PhD, is University Distinguished Professor and Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories Endowed Chair in Power Engineering in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Idaho. Timothy McJunkin is an Electrical Engineer at the Idaho National Laboratory. His primary research foci are on the development of interest resilient control of critical infrastructure, Smart Grid for renewable energy integration, and design of zero carbon microgrids.
Zusammenfassung
Master the fundamentals of resilient power grid control applications with this up-to-date resource from four industry leaders
Resilient Control Architectures and Power Systems delivers a unique perspective on the singular challenges presented by increasing automation in society. In particular, the book focuses on the difficulties presented by the increased automation of the power grid. The authors provide a simulation of this real-life system, offering an accurate and comprehensive picture of a how a power control system works and, even more importantly, how it can fail.
The editors invite various experts in the field to describe how and why power systems fail due to cyber security threats, human error, and complex interdependencies. They also discuss promising new concepts researchers are exploring that promise to make these control systems much more resilient to threats of all kinds. Finally, resilience fundamentals and applications are also investigated to allow the reader to apply measures that ensure adequate operation in complex control systems.
Among a variety of other foundational and advanced topics, you'll learn about:
* The fundamentals of power grid infrastructure, including grid architecture, control system architecture, and communication architecture
* The disciplinary fundamentals of control theory, human-system interfaces, and cyber security
* The fundamentals of resilience, including the basis of resilience, its definition, and benchmarks, as well as cross-architecture metrics and considerations
* The application of resilience concepts, including cyber security challenges, control challenges, and human challenges
* A discussion of research challenges facing professionals in this field today
Perfect for research students and practitioners in fields concerned with increasing power grid automation, Resilient Control Architectures and Power Systems also has a place on the bookshelves of members of the Control Systems Society, the Systems, Man and Cybernetics Society, the Computer Society, the Power and Energy Society, and similar organizations.
