Wireless Blockchain - Principles, Technologies and Applications

Explore foundational concepts in blockchain theory with an emphasis on recent advances in theory and practice
 
In Wireless Blockchain: Principles, Technologies and Applications, accomplished researchers and editors Bin Cao, Lei Zhang, Mugen Peng, and Muhammad Ali Imran deliver a robust and accessible exploration of recent developments in the theory and practice of blockchain technology, systems, and potential application in a variety of industrial sectors, including manufacturing, entertainment, public safety, telecommunications, public transport, healthcare, financial services, automotive, and energy utilities.
 
The book presents the concept of wireless blockchain networks with different network topologies and communication protocols for various commonly used blockchain applications. You'll discover how these variations and how communication networks affect blockchain consensus performance, including scalability, throughput, latency, and security levels.
 
You'll learn the state-of-the-art in blockchain technology and find insights on how blockchain runs and co-works with existing systems, including 5G, and how blockchain runs as a service to support all vertical sectors efficiently and effectively. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of:
* A thorough introduction to the Byzantine Generals problem, the fundamental theory of distributed system security and the foundation of blockchain technology
* An overview of advances in blockchain systems, their history, and likely future trends
* Practical discussions of Proof-of-Work systems as well as various Proof-of-"X" alternatives, including Proof-of-Stake, Proof-of-Importance, and Proof-of-Authority
* A concise examination of smart contracts, including trusted transactions, smart contract functions, design processes, and related applications in 5G/B5G
* A treatment of the theoretical relationship between communication networks and blockchain
 
Perfect for electrical engineers, industry professionals, and students and researchers in electrical engineering, computer science, and mathematics, Wireless Blockchain: Principles, Technologies and Applications will also earn a place in the libraries of communication and computer system stakeholders, regulators, legislators, and research agencies.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

List of Contributors xiii
 
Preface xvii
 
Abbreviations xxiii
 
1 What is Blockchain Radio Access Network? 1
Xintong Ling, Yuwei Le, Jiaheng Wang, Zhi Ding, and Xiqi Gao
 
1.1 Introduction 1
 
1.2 What is B-RAN 3
 
1.2.1 B-RAN Framework 3
 
1.2.2 Consensus Mechanism 6
 
1.2.3 Implementation 6
 
1.3 Mining Model 7
 
1.3.1 Hash-Based Mining 7
 
1.3.2 Modeling of Hash Trials 7
 
1.3.3 Threat Model 10
 
1.4 B-RAN Queuing Model 10
 
1.5 Latency Analysis of B-RAN 12
 
1.5.1 Steady-State Analysis 12
 
1.5.2 Average Service Latency 16
 
1.6 Security Considerations 18
 
1.6.1 Alternative History Attack 18
 
1.6.2 Probability of a Successful Attack 19
 
1.7 Latency-Security Trade-off 20
 
1.8 Conclusions and Future Works 22
 
1.8.1 Network Effect and Congest Effect 22
 
1.8.2 Chicken and Eggs 22
 
1.8.3 Decentralization and Centralization 22
 
1.8.4 Beyond Bitcoin Blockchain 22
 
References 23
 
2 Consensus Algorithm Analysis in Blockchain: PoW and Raft 27
Taotao Wang, Dongyan Huang, and Shengli Zhang
 
2.1 Introduction 27
 
2.2 Mining Strategy Analysis for the PoWConsensus-Based Blockchain 30
 
2.2.1 Blockchain Preliminaries 30
 
2.2.2 Proof ofWork and Mining 30
 
2.2.3 Honest Mining Strategy 31
 
2.2.4 PoW Blockchain Mining Model 32
 
2.2.4.1 State 33
 
2.2.4.2 Action 33
 
2.2.4.3 Transition and Reward 34
 
2.2.4.4 Objective Function 39
 
2.2.4.5 Honest Mining 40
 
2.2.4.6 Selfish Mining 40
 
2.2.4.7 Lead Stubborn Mining 40
 
2.2.4.8 Optimal Mining 41
 
2.2.5 Mining Through RL 41
 
2.2.5.1 Preliminaries for Original Reinforcement Learning Algorithm 41
 
2.2.5.2 New Reinforcement Learning Algorithm for Mining 42
 
2.2.6 Performance Evaluations 44
 
2.3 Performance Analysis of the Raft Consensus Algorithm 52
 
2.3.1 Review of Raft Algorithm 52
 
2.3.2 System Model 53
 
2.3.3 Network Model 53
 
2.3.4 Network Split Probability 55
 
2.3.5 Average Number of Replies 57
 
2.3.6 Expected Number of Received Heartbeats for a Follower 57
 
2.3.7 Time to Transition to Candidate 58
 
2.3.8 Time to Elect a New Leader 59
 
2.3.9 Simulation Results 60
 
2.3.10 Discussion 67
 
2.3.10.1 Extended Model 67
 
2.3.10.2 System Availability and Consensus Efficiency 68
 
2.4 Conclusion 69
 
Appendix A.2 69
 
References 70
 
3 A Low Communication Complexity Double-layer PBFT Consensus 73
Chenglin Feng, Wenyu Li, Bowen Yang, Yao Sun, and Lei Zhang
 
3.1 Introduction 73
 
3.1.1 PBFT Applied to Blockchain 74
 
3.1.2 From CFT to BFT 74
 
3.1.2.1 State Machine Replication 74
 
3.1.2.2 Primary Copy 75
 
3.1.2.3 Quorum Voting 75
 
3.1.3 Byzantine Generals Problem 76
 
3.1.4 Byzantine Consensus Protocols 76
 
3.1.4.1 Two-Phase Commit 76
 
3.1.4.2 View Stamp 76
 
3.1.4.3 PBFT Protocol 76
 
3.1.5 Motivations 78
 
3.1.6 Chapter Organizations 78
 
3.2 Double-Layer PBFT-Based Protocol 79
 
3.2.1 Consensus Flow 79
 
3.2.1.1 The Client 79
 
3.2.1.2 First-Layer Protocol 81
 
3.2.1.3 Second-Layer Protocol 81
 
3.2.2 Faulty Primary Elimination 82
 
3.2.2.1 Faulty Primary Detection 82
 
3.2.2.2 View Change 83
 
3.2.3 Garbage Cleaning 84
 
3.3 Communicat

Über den Autor / die Autorin

Bin Cao, PhD, is an Associate Professor/Researcher in the State Key Laboratory of Network and Switching Technology at Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT). Before that, he was an Associate Professor at Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications. He was an international visitor at the Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), and a research fellow at the National University of Singapore. His research interests include blockchain systems, internet of things, and mobile edge computing.
Lei Zhang, PhD, is a Senior Lecturer at the University of Glasgow, UK. He has 19 patents granted/filed in 30+ countries/regions including US/UK/EU/China/Japan/Singapore. He has published 3 books and over 100 peer-reviewed papers. His research was reported by BBC and Bloomberg. Dr Zhang's research focuses on wireless communications, Blockchain, IoT, data privacy and security. Mugen Peng, PhD, is the Dean of the School of Information and Communication Engineering, and the Deputy Director of State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing, China. He is now or has been on the Editorial/Associate Editorial Board of the IEEE Communications Magazine, the IEEE Internet of Things Journal, the IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, the IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering, and IEEE Network. Muhammad Ali Imran is Dean at the University of Glasgow, UK, UESTC and Professor of Communication Systems and Head of Communications Sensing and Imaging Group in the James Watt School of Engineering at the University of Glasgow, UK. He is a Visiting Professor at the University of Surrey and an Adjunct Professor at the University of Oklahoma, US. He has been awarded 15 patents, has authored/co-authored 8 books, over 400 journal and conference publications, and has been PI/Co-I on over £25 million research grants and contracts.

Zusammenfassung

Explore foundational concepts in blockchain theory with an emphasis on recent advances in theory and practice

In Wireless Blockchain: Principles, Technologies and Applications, accomplished researchers and editors Bin Cao, Lei Zhang, Mugen Peng, and Muhammad Ali Imran deliver a robust and accessible exploration of recent developments in the theory and practice of blockchain technology, systems, and potential application in a variety of industrial sectors, including manufacturing, entertainment, public safety, telecommunications, public transport, healthcare, financial services, automotive, and energy utilities.

The book presents the concept of wireless blockchain networks with different network topologies and communication protocols for various commonly used blockchain applications. You'll discover how these variations and how communication networks affect blockchain consensus performance, including scalability, throughput, latency, and security levels.

You'll learn the state-of-the-art in blockchain technology and find insights on how blockchain runs and co-works with existing systems, including 5G, and how blockchain runs as a service to support all vertical sectors efficiently and effectively. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of:
* A thorough introduction to the Byzantine Generals problem, the fundamental theory of distributed system security and the foundation of blockchain technology
* An overview of advances in blockchain systems, their history, and likely future trends
* Practical discussions of Proof-of-Work systems as well as various Proof-of-"X" alternatives, including Proof-of-Stake, Proof-of-Importance, and Proof-of-Authority
* A concise examination of smart contracts, including trusted transactions, smart contract functions, design processes, and related applications in 5G/B5G
* A treatment of the theoretical relationship between communication networks and blockchain

Perfect for electrical engineers, industry professionals, and students and researchers in electrical engineering, computer science, and mathematics, Wireless Blockchain: Principles, Technologies and Applications will also earn a place in the libraries of communication and computer system stakeholders, regulators, legislators, and research agencies.

Produktdetails

• Autoren: B Cao, Bin Cao, Bin (Beijing University of Posts and Telecomm Cao, Bin Zhang Cao, Muhammad Ali Imran, Mugen Peng, Lei Zhang
• Mitarbeit: Bin Cao (Herausgeber), Cao Bin (Herausgeber), Muhammad Ali Imran (Herausgeber), Imran Muhammad Ali (Herausgeber), Mugen Peng (Herausgeber), Mugen Peng et al (Herausgeber), Peng Mugen (Herausgeber), Le Zhang (Herausgeber), Lei Zhang (Herausgeber), Zhang Lei (Herausgeber)
• Verlag: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Sprache: Englisch
• Produktform: Fester Einband
• Erschienen: 30.09.2021
• EAN: 9781119790808
• ISBN: 978-1-119-79080-8
• Seiten: 336
• Serien: Wiley - IEEE; IEEE Press
• Themen: Naturwissenschaften, Medizin, Informatik, Technik > Technik > Elektronik, Elektrotechnik, Nachrichtentechnik; Informatik, Blockchain, computer science, drahtlose kommunikation, Mobile & Wireless Communications, Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Elektrotechnik u. Elektronik, Computerarchitektur, Computer Architecture, Numerische Methoden u. Algorithmen, Numerical Methods & Algorithms