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Informationen zum Autor Michel Foucault (1926-1984) was acknowledged as the preeminent philosopher of France in the 1970s and 1980s, and continues to have enormous impact throughout the world in many disciplines. His books include The Government of Self and Others , The Courage of Truth , The Birth of Biopolitics , and The Punitive Society . Klappentext This lecture, given by Michel Foucault at the College de France, launches an inquiry into the notion of parresia and continues his rereading of ancient philosophy. Through the study of this notion of truth-telling, of speaking out freely, Foucault re-examines Greek citizenship, showing how the courage of the truth forms the forgotten ethical basis of Athenian democracy. The figure of the philosopher king, the condemnation of writing, and Socrates' rejection of political involvement are some of the many topics of ancient philosophy revisited here. Inhaltsverzeichnis Foreword: François Ewald and Alessandro Fontana Translator's Note One: 5 January 1983: First Hour Remarks on method. - Study of Kant's text: What is Enlightenment? - Conditions of publication: journals. - The encounter between Christian Aufklärung and Jewish Haskala : freedom of conscience. - Philosophy and present reality. - The question of the Revolution. - Two critical filiations. Two: 5 January 1983: Second Hour The idea of tutelage ( minorité ): neither natural powerlessness nor authoritarian deprivation of rights. - Way out from the condition of tutelage and critical activity. - The shadow of three Critiques . - The difficulty of emancipation: laziness and cowardice; the predicted failure of liberators. - Motivations of the condition of tutelage: superimposition of obedience and absence of reasoning; confusion between the private and public use of reason. - The problematic turn at the end of Kant's text. Three: 12 January 1983: First Hour Reminds of method. - Definition of the subject to be studied this year. - Parresia: difficulty in defining the notion; bibliographical reference points. - An enduring, plural, and ambiguous notion. - Plato faced with the tyrant of Syracuse: an exemplary scene of parresia. - The echo of Oedipus. - Parresia versus demonstration, teaching, and discussion. - The element of risk. Four: 12 January 1983: Second Hour Irreducibility of the parrhesiastic to the performative utterance: opening up of an unspecified risk/public expression of a personal conviction/bringing a free courage into play. - Pragmatics and dramatics of discourse. - Classical use of the notion of parresia: democracy ( Polybius ) and citizenship ( Euripides ). Five: 19 January 1983: First Hour Ion in the mythology and history of Athens. - Political context of Euripides' tragedy: the Nicias peace. - History of Ion's birth. - Alethurgic schema of the tragedy. - The implication of the three truth-tellings: oracle, confession ( l'aveu ), and political discourse. - Structural comparison of Ion and Oedipus the King. - The adventures of truth-telling in Ion : the double half-life. Six: 19 January 1983: Second Hour Ion: A nobody, son of nobody. -Three categories of citizen. - Consequences of political intrusion by Ion: private hatreds and public tyranny. - In search of a mother. - Parresia irreducible to the actual exercise of power and to the citizen's status. - The agnostic game of truth-telling: free and risky. - Historical context: the Cleon/Nicias debate. - Creusa's anger. Seven: 26 January 1983: First Hour Continuation and end of the comparison between Ion and Oedipus : the truth does not arise from an investigation but from the clash of passions. - The rule...
