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Cognitive science is a multidisciplinary science concernedwith understanding and utilizing models of cognition. It hasspawned a great dealof research on applications such asexpert systems and intelligent tutoring systems, and hasinteracted closely with psychological research. However, itis generally accepted that it is difficult to applycognitive-scientific models to medical training andpractice.This book is based on a NATO Advanced Research Workshop heldin Italy in 1991, the purpose of which was to examine theimpact ofmodels of cognition on medical training andpractice and to outline future research programmes relatingcognition and education, and in particular to consider thepotential impact of cognitive science on medical trainingand practice.A major discovery presented in the book is that the researchareas related to artificial intelligence, cognitivepsychology, and medical decision making are considerablycloser, both conceptually and theoretically, than many ofthe workshop participants originally thought.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
I: Philosophical Issues: Information Representation.- Epistemological Constraints on Medical Knowledge-Based Systems.- Abductive Reasoning: Philosophical and Educational Perspectives in Medicine.- The Language of Medicine and the Modeling of Information.- II: Artificial Intelligence Issues: Knowledge-Based Systems.- AI Meets Decision Science: Emerging Synergies For Decision Support.- Computational Models of Cased-Based Reasoning for Medicine.- The Evaluation of Medical Expert Systems.- III: Technology and Artificial Intelligence Issues: Implementations.- Dynamic Decision-Making in Anesthesiology: Cognitive Models and Training Approaches.- From Expert Systems to Intelligent Tutoring Systems.- Expert Systems in Teaching Electrocardiography.- Review of Technological Products for Training.- IV: Psychological Issues: Medical Cognition.- Cognitive Frameworks for Clinical Reasoning: Application for Training and Practice.- Knowledge Application and Transfer for Complex Tasks in Ill-Structured Domains: Implications for Instruction and Testing in Biomedicine.- Psychological Modeling of Cognitive Processes in Knowledge Assessment by Experts: Some Convergent Issues with Psychological Modeling in Medical Reasoning.- Models of Cognition and Educational Technologies: Implications for Medical Training.- Encapsulation of Biomedical Knowledge.- V: Psychological Issues: Teaching and Learning in Medicine.- How One Learns Graph-Reading Skills for Solving Biochemistry Problems.- Who Will Catch the Nagami Fever? Causal Inferences and Probability Judgment in Mental Models of Diseases.- Mental and Qualitative (AI) Models of Cardiac Electrophysiology: An Exploratory Study in Comparative Cognitive Science.- Cognitive Effects of Practical Experience.- VI: Reflections on Practice: The Medical School Perspective.- The Dean and the Bear.- The European Medical Education Perspective.- Reflections on Practice in Medical Education: Perspectives from Spain.- Hungarian Medical Education: Present Problems and Future Plans for Eastern European Medical Schools.- List of Author Participants.- List of Other Participants.
