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Air pollution is ubiquitous in industrialized societies, causing a host of environmental problems. It is thus essential to monitor and reduce pollution levels. A number of plant species already are being exploited as detectors (for phytomonitoring) and as scavengers (for phytoremediation) of air pollutants. With advances in biotechnology, it is now feasible to modify plants for a wider range of phytomonitoring and phytoremediation applications. Air Pollution and Plant Biotechnology presents recent results in this field, including plant responses during phytomonitoring, pollution-resistant plant species, imaging diagnosis of plant responses, and the use of novel transgenic plants, along with reviews of basic plant physiology and biochemistry where appropriate. Researchers and students working in plant biotechnology and the environmental sciences or considering new areas of investigation will find this volume a valuable reference.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
I. Plant Responses and Phytomonitoring.- 1. Responses of Whole Plants to Air Pollutants.- 2. Plants as Bioindicators of Air Pollutants.- 3. Phytomonitoring for Urban Environmental Management.- 4. Effects of Air Pollutants on Lipid Metabolism in Plants.- 5. Effects of Ethylene on Plant Responses to Air Pollutants.- 6. Effects of Air Pollutants on Gene Expression in Plants.- 7. Biotechnology for Phytomonitoring.- II. Resistant Plants and Phytoremediation.- 8. Absorption of Organic and Inorganic Air Pollutants by Plants.- 9. Uptake, Metabolism, and Detoxification of Sulfur Dioxide.- 10. Elevated Levels of Hydrogen Sulfide in the Plant Environment: Nutrient or Toxin.- 11. Metabolism and Detoxification of Nitrogen Dioxide and Ammonia in Plants.- 12. Plant Resistance to Ozone: the Role of Ascorbate.- 13. Detoxification of Active Oxygen Species and Tolerance in Plants Exposed to Air Pollutants and CO2.- 14. Countermeasures with Fertilization to Reduce Oxidant-Induced Injury to Plants.- III. Image Diagnosis of Plant Response and Gas Exchange.- 15. Image Instrumentation of Chlorophyll a Fluorescence for Diagnosing Photosynthetic Injury.- 16. Field-Portable Imaging System for Measurement of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Quenching.- 17. Assessment of Environmental Plant Stresses Using Multispectral Steady-State Fluorescence Imagery.- 18. Diagnosis of Stomatal Response and Gas Exchange of Trees by Thermal Remote Sensing.- IV. Generation of Transgenic Plants.- 19. Manipulation of Genes Involved in Sulfur and Glutathione Metabolism.- 20. Manipulation of Genes for Nitrogen Metabolism in Plants.- 21. Manipulation of Genes for Antioxidative Enzymes.- 22. Application of Genetic Engineering for Forest Tree Species.- 23. Environmental Risk Assessment of Transgenic Plants: A Case Study of Cucumber Mosaic Virus-Resistant Melon in Japan.
Zusammenfassung
Air pollution is ubiquitous in industrialized societies, causing a host of environmental problems. It is thus essential to monitor and reduce pollution levels. A number of plant species already are being exploited as detectors (for phytomonitoring) and as scavengers (for phytoremediation) of air pollutants. With advances in biotechnology, it is now feasible to modify plants for a wider range of phytomonitoring and phytoremediation applications. Air Pollution and Plant Biotechnology presents recent results in this field, including plant responses during phytomonitoring, pollution-resistant plant species, imaging diagnosis of plant responses, and the use of novel transgenic plants, along with reviews of basic plant physiology and biochemistry where appropriate. Researchers and students working in plant biotechnology and the environmental sciences or considering new areas of investigation will find this volume a valuable reference.
