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Zusatztext "[An] extraordinary book! packed with detailed information. . . . A careful reading of this remarkable book will yield much more information." ---Walter Bodmer! Nature Informationen zum Autor Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza, Antonio Moroni, & Gianna Zei Klappentext In 1951, the geneticist Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza was teaching in Parma when a student--a priest named Antonio Moroni--told him about rich church records of demography and marriages between relatives. After convincing the Church to open its records, Cavalli-Sforza, Moroni, and Gianna Zei embarked on a landmark study that would last fifty years and cover all of Italy. This book assembles and analyzes the team's research for the first time. Using blood testing as well as church records, the team investigated the frequency of consanguineous marriages and its use for estimating inbreeding and studying the relations between inbreeding and drift. They tested the importance of random genetic drift by studying population structure through demography of the last three centuries, using it to predict the spatial variation of frequencies of genetic markers. The authors find that drift-related genetic variation, including its stabilization by migration, is best predicted by computer simulation. They also analyze the usefulness and limits of the concept of deme for defining Mendelian populations. The genetic effect of consanguineous marriage on recessive genetic diseases and for the detection of dominance in metric characters are also studied. Ultimately bringing together the many strands of their massive project, Cavalli-Sforza, Moroni, and Zei are able to map genetic drift in all of Italy's approximately 8,000 communes and to demonstrate the relationship between each locality's drift and various ecological and demographic factors. In terms of both methods and findings, their accomplishment is tremendously important for understanding human social structure and the genetic effects of drift and inbreeding. Zusammenfassung In 1951, the geneticist Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza was teaching in Parma when a student told him about rich church records of demography and marriages between relatives. After convincing the Church to open its records, Cavalli-Sforza, Moroni, and Gianna Zei embarked on a landmark study. This book assembles and analyzes the team's research. Inhaltsverzeichnis Acknowledgments ix 1. History of This Investigation and Structure of This Book 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 History of This Research 4 1.3 Consanguinity 9 1.4 Inbreeding Measurement 11 1.5 Inbreeding Effects 13 1.6 Random Genetic Drift 18 1.7 Research on Drift in the Parma Valley 20 1.8 Genetic Uses of Surnames 21 1.9 A Summary of Published Studies on Consanguinity and Inbreeding, with Special Reference to Italy 24 1.10 Structure of This Book 26 2. Customs and Legislation Affecting Consanguineous Marriages, with Special Attention to the Catholic Church 29 2.1 Early and Medieval Christian Tradition 29 2.2 Traditional Methods of Consanguinity Evaluation: The Roman and the German Methods 34 2.3 Justifications of the Dispensation Request 35 3. Demographic Factors Affecting the Frequencies of Consanguineous Marriage-A Study in Northern Emilia 39 3.1 Nature and Interest of the Problem 39 3.2 Relations to Population Structure 40 3.3 Number of Sibs, Distribution of Family Sizes, and Observed Abundance of Relatives 43 3.4 Consanguinity Degrees and Observed Numbers of Consanguinity Dispensations in Northern Emilia 47 3.5 Pedigree Types, Pedigree Codes, and Proofs of the Influence of Age at Marriage and of the Sex of Intermediate Ancestors 52 4. Probability of Consanguineous Marriages 69 4.1 Theory of Age Effects on the Frequency of Consanguineous Marriages 69 4.2 Migration as a Factor Affecting the Frequency of Consanguineous Marriages 76 4.3 T...
