Chemistry and Analysis of Radionuclides - Laboratory Techniques and Methodology

Written by chemists for chemists, this is a comprehensive guide to the important radionuclides as well as techniques for their separation and analysis. It introduces readers to the important laboratory techniques and methodologies in the field, providing practical instructions on how to handle nuclear waste and radioactivity in the environment.

Sommario

PrefaceRADIONUCLIDES AND THEIR RADIOMETRIC MEASUREMENTRadionuclidesModes of Radioactive DecayDetection and Measurement of RadiationSPECIAL FEATURES OF THE CHEMISTRY OF RADIONUCLIDES AND THEIR SEPARATIONSmall QuantitiesAdsorptionUse of CarriersUtilization of Radiation in the Determination of RadionuclidesConsideration of Elapsed TimeChanges in the System Caused by Radiation and DecayThe Need for Radiochemical SeparationsFACTORS AFFECTING CHEMICAL FORMS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONSSolution pHRedox PotentialDissolved GasesLigands Forming Complexes with MetalsHumic SubstancesColloidal ParticlesSource and Generation of RadionuclidesAppendix: Reagents Used to Adjust Oxidation States of RadionuclidesSEPARATION METHODSPrecipitationSolubility ProductIon ExchangeSolvent ExtractionExtraction ChromatographyYIELD DETERMINATIONS AND COUNTING SOURCE PREPARATIONThe Determination of Chemical Yield in Radiochemical AnalysesPreparation of Sources for Activity CountingEssentials in Chemical Yield Determination and in Counting Source PreparationRADIOCHEMISTRY OF THE ALKALI METALSMost Important Radionuclides of the Alkali MetalsChemical Properties of the Alkali MetalsSeparation Needs of Alkali Metal RadionuclidesPotassium - 40KCesium - 134Cs, 135Cs, and 137CsEssentials in the Radiochemistry of the Alkali MetalsRADIOCHEMISTRY OF THE ALKALINE EARTH METALSMost Important Radionuclides of the Alkaline Earth MetalsChemical Properties of the Alkaline Earth MetalsBeryllium - 7Be and 10BeCalcium - 41Ca and 45CaStrontium - 89Sr and 90SrRadium - 226Ra and 228RaEssentials in the Radiochemistry of the Alkaline Earth MetalsRADIOCHEMISTRY OF THE 3d-TRANSITION METALSThe Most Important Radionuclides of the 3d-Transition MetalsChemical Properties of the 3d-Transition MetalsIron - 55FeNickel - 59Ni and 63NiEssentials in 3d-Transition Metals RadiochemistryRADIOCHEMISTRY OF TE 4d-TRANSITION METALSImportant Radionuclides of the 4d-Transition MetalsChemistry of the 4d-Transition MetalsTechnetium - 99TcZirconium - 93ZrMolybdenum - 93MoNiobium - 94NbEssentials in the Radiochemistry of 4d-Transition MetalsRADIOCHEMISTRY OF THE LANTHANIDESImportant Lanthanide RadionuclidesChemical Properties of the LanthanidesSeparation of Lanthanides from ActinidesLanthanides as Actinide Analogs147Pm and 151AmEssentials of Lanthanide RadiochemistryRADIOCHEMISTRY OF THE HALOGENSImportant Halogen RadionuclidesPhysical and Chemical Properties of the HalogensChlorine -.36ClIodine - 129IEssentials of Halogen RadiochemistryRADIOCHEMISTRY OF THE NOBLE GASESTritium - 3HRadiocarbon - 14CEssentials of Tritium and Radiocarbon RadiochemistryRADIOCHEMISTRY OF LEAD, POLONIUM, TIN, AND SELENIUMPolonium - 210PoLead - 210PbTin - 126SnSelenium - 79SeEssentials of Polonium, Lead, Tin, and Selenium RadiochemistryRADIOCHEMISTRY OF THE ACTINIDESImportant Actinide IsotopesGeneration and Origin of the ActinidesElectronic Structures of the ActinidesOxidation States of the ActinidesIonic Radii of the ActinidesMajor Chemical Forms of the ActinidesDisproportionationHydrolysis and Polymerization of the ActinidesComplex Formation of the ActinidesOxides of the ActinidesActiniumThoriumProtactiniumUraniumNeptuniumPlutoniumAmericium and CuriumSPECIATION ANALYSISConsiderations Relevant to SpeciationSignificance of SpeciationCategorization of Speciation AnalyzesFractionation Techniques for Environmental SamplesAnalysis of Radionuclide and Isotope CompositionsSpectroscopic Speciation MethodsWet Chemical MethodsSequential ExtractionsComputational Speciation MethodsCharacterization of Radioactive ParticlesMEASUREMENT OF RADIONUCLIDES BY MASS SPECTROMETRYIntroductionInductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS)Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS)Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry (RIMS)Essentials of the Measurement of Radionuclides by Mass SpectrometrySAMPLING AND SAMPLE PRETREATMENT FOR THE DETERMINATION OF RADIONUCLIDESIntroductionAir Sampling and PretreatmentSampling Gaseous ComponentsAtmospheric Deposition SamplingWater SamplingSediment Sampling and PretreatmentSoil Sampling and PretreatmentEssentials in Sampling and Sample PretreatmentCHEMICAL CHANGES INDUCED BY RADIOACTIVE DECAYAutoradiolysisTransmutation and Subsequent Chemical ChangesRecoil - Hot Atom Chemistry

Info autore

Professor Jukka Lehto is the head of the Laboratory of Radiochemistry at the Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki. He attained his PhD degree in 1987 at the University of Helsinki. Since 1980 he has worked as a teaching assistant, senior lecturer at the University of Helsinki, visiting researcher at Texas A&M University, USA, senior research fellow of the Academy of Finland, acting professor and since 2005 as a professor in radiochemistry. Professor Lehto's main research areas have been nuclear waste management and disposal, and environmental radioactivity studies. He has published 160 scientific and technical papers and patents, and also published a book on the principles of radioactivity and radiochemistry in Finnish.

Xiaolin Hou obtained his PhD degree in nuclear and radioanalytical chemistry from the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1997. He joined Risø National Laboratory, Denmark, in 1998 (in 2007 Risø became part of the Technical University of Denmark), and has been a senior scientist there since 2003. His primary research interests are radiochemical and speciation analysis of radionuclides, nuclear and radioanalytical techniques, environmental radioactivity, radiotracer application, radiolabeling and protein adsorption on surfaces. Dr. Hou has authored/co-authored more than 110 research articles in peer reviewed scientific journals and 7 book chapters.

Riassunto

Written by chemists for chemists, this is a comprehensive guide to the important radionuclides as well as techniques for their separation and analysis. It introduces readers to the important laboratory techniques and methodologies in the field, providing practical instructions on how to handle nuclear waste and radioactivity in the environment.

Relazione

"So if you have chosen this book because of its promising subtitle ''Laboratory Techniques and Methodology'' you will not be disappointed." ( J Radioanal Nucl Chem , 23 September 2011)

Dettagli sul prodotto

• Autori: Xiaolin Hou, Jukk Lehto, Jukka Lehto
• Editore: Wiley-VCH
• Lingue: Inglese, Tedesco
• Formato: Copertina rigida
• Pubblicazione: 30.11.2010
• EAN: 9783527326587
• ISBN: 978-3-527-32658-7
• Pagine: 406
• Dimensioni: 180 mm x 247 mm x 27 mm
• Peso: 824 g
• Illustrazioni: 186 SW-Abb., 45 Tabellen
• Categorie: Scienze naturali, medicina, informatica, tecnica > Chimica > Chimica inorganica; Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, Physikalische Chemie, Toxikologie, Analytische Chemie, chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Toxicology, Radionuklide