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Informationen zum Autor Christian Leibundgut and Piotr Maloszewski are the authors of Tracers in Hydrology, published by Wiley. Klappentext Tracers in Hydrology and Water Research is a comprehensive overview of the application of natural and artificial tracers in hydrology and environmental research. Taking a unique approach by providing the reader with a systematic and state of the art description of natural and artificial tracers, the book also covers key analytical techniques and applications, and modern tracer methods in the context of systematic hydrology. Tracers have become a primary tool for process investigation, qualitative and quantitative system analysis and integrated resource management. This book will outline the fundamentals of the subject, and examine the latest research findings, clearly showing the entire process of tracer application through the inclusion of numerous integrated case studies.As many techniques derive from different scientific disciplines (chemistry, biology, physics), the effort of compilation and integration into modern hydrology and environmental science research and application requires substantial continuity and experience, which certifies this group of authors.This book will be an invaluable reference not only for students and researchers within the field of Hydrology and Hydrogeology but also for engineers and other tracer techniques applying users. Zusammenfassung Tracers in Hydrology and Water Research provides a comprehensive overview of the application of natural and artificial tracers in hydrology and environmental research. Inhaltsverzeichnis Preface xiii Acknowledgements xv 1 Introduction 1 2 The Integrated Concept of Tracers in Hydrology 5 2.1 System approach 5 2.2 Definition of tracers 7 2.3 Modelling in the context of integrated tracerhydrology 9 2.4 Fields of application 12 3 Environmental Tracers 13 3.1 Introduction 13 3.2 Stable isotopes of water 15 3.2.1 Notation 15 3.2.2 Fractionation 17 3.2.3 The global distribution in rainfall 22 3.2.3.1 Temperature effect 23 3.2.3.2 Seasonal effect 24 3.2.3.3 Altitude effect 25 3.2.3.4 Continental effect 27 3.2.3.5 Regionalization of isotopes in rainfall 29 3.2.3.6 Evaporation 30 3.3 Stable isotopes in soil 35 3.3.1 Attenuation 35 3.4 Stable isotopes in surface and groundwater 38 3.4.1 Temporal variability of stable isotopes in runoff 38 3.4.2 Temporal variability of stable isotopes in groundwater 39 3.5 The use of environmental isotopes for hydrological system analysis 40 3.6 Nitrogen isotopes and origin assignment 42 3.7 Age dating 43 3.7.1 Tritium 43 3.7.2 Dating with gases (CFC, SF 6) 45 3.7.2.1 Dating with other noble gases 50 3.7.2.2 14 C-Dating 50 4 Artificial Tracers 57 4.1 Fluorescent tracers 59 4.1.1 Basics of fluorescence 61 4.1.1.1 Spectra 63 4.1.2 Chemical and physical characteristics of dye tracers 65 4.1.2.1 Solubility 66 4.1.2.2 Fluorescence intensity - detection limit 67 4.1.2.3 Effects of dependencies 69 4.1.2.4 pH Dependence 70 4.1.2.5 Temperature dependence 72 4.1.2.6 Photolytic dependence 72 4.1.2.7 Sorption processes 76 4.1.2.8 Chemical and biological stability 84 4.1.2.9 Toxicity and related environmental effects 86 4.1.2.10 General assessment 86 4.1.3 Measurement techniques 88 4.1.3.1 Filter fluorometer 88 4.1.3.2 Spectral fluorometer 89 4.1.3.3 Synchronous scan technique 89 4.1.3.4 Background signals and light scattering 94 4.1.3.5 Fibre optic fluorometer (FOF) 96 4.1.3.6 Field fluorometer for in situ measurements 97 4.1.3.7 Laser measurement 99 4.1.3.8 ...
