Case Studies in Biomedical Ethics Decision making, Principles, and - Case

Sommario

INTRODUCTION: FOUR QUESTIONS OF ETHICS; What Are the Source, Meaning, and Justification of Ethical Claims?; 1. Distinguish between Evaluative Statements and Statements Presenting Nonevaluative Facts; 2. Distinguish between Ethical and Nonethical Evaluations; 3. Determine Who Ought to Decide; WHAT KINDS OF ACTS ARE RIGHT?; How Do Rules Apply to Specific Situations?; What Ought to Be Done in Specific Cases?; PART I: ETHICS AND VALUES IN MEDICAL CASES; CHAPTER 1: A MODEL FOR ETHICAL PROBLEM SOLVING; The Five-Step Model; Application of the Model; 1. Respond to the Sense That Something Is Wrong; 2. Gather Information; 3. Identify the Ethical Problem/Moral Diagnosis; 4. Seek a Resolution; 5. Work with Others to Choose a Course of Action; CHAPTER 2: VALUES IN HEALTH AND ILLNESS; Identifying Value Judgments in Medicine; Separating Ethical and Other Evaluations; CHAPTER 3: WHAT IS THE SOURCE OF MORAL JUDGMENTS?; Grounding Ethics in the Professional Code; Grounding Ethics in the Physician's Orders; Grounding Ethics in Institutional Policy; Grounding Ethics in the Patient's Values; Grounding Ethics in Religious or Philosophical Perspectives; PART II: ETHICAL PRINCIPLES IN MEDICAL ETHICS; CHAPTER 4: BENEFITING THE PATIENT AND OTHERS: THE DUTY TO DO GOOD AND AVOID HARM; Benefiting the Patient; Benefiting Society and Individuals Who Are Not Patients; Benefit to the Profession; Benefit to the Health Professional and the Health Professional's Family; CHAPTER 5: JUSTICE: THE ALLOCATION OF HEALTH RESOURCES; Justice among Patients; Justice between Patients and Others; Justice in Public Policy; Justice and Other Ethical Principles; CHAPTER 6: AUTONOMY; Determining Whether a Patient Is Autonomous; External Constraints on Autonomy; Overriding the Choices of Autonomous Persons; CHAPTER 7: VERACITY: HONESTY WITH PATIENTS; The Condition of Doubt; Lying in order to Benefit; Special Cases of Truth-Telling; The Right of Access to Medical Records; CHAPTER 8: FIDELITY: PROMISE-KEEPING, LOYALTY TO PATIENTS, AND IMPAIRED PROFESSIONALS; The Ethics of Promises: Explicit and Implicit; Fidelity and Conflicts of Interest; Incompetent and Dishonest Colleagues; CHAPTER 9: AVOIDANCE OF KILLING; Active Killing versus Letting Die; Withholding versus Withdrawing Treatment; Direct versus Indirect Killing; Justifiable Omissions: The Problem of Nutrition and Hydration; Voluntary and Involuntary Killing; Killing as Punishment; PART III: SPECIAL PROBLEM AREAS; CHAPTER 10: ABORTION, STERILIZATION, AND CONTRACEPTION; Abortion; Sterilization; Contraception; CHAPTER 11: GENETICS, BIRTH, AND THE BIOLOGICAL REVOLUTION; Genetic Counseling; Genetic Screening; In Vitro Fertilization and Surrogate Motherhood; Preimplantation Diagnosis; Gene Therapy; CHAPTER 12: MENTAL HEALTH AND BEHAVIOR CONTROL; The Concept of Mental Health; Mental Illness and Autonomous Behavior; Mental Illness and Third-Party Interests; Other Behavior-Controlling Therapies; CHAPTER 13: CONFIDENTIALITY: ETHICAL DISCLOSURE OF MEDICAL INFORMATION; Breaking Confidence to Benefit the Patient; Breaking Confidence to Benefit Others; Breaking Confidence as Required by Law; Conflict between Confidentiality and Other Duties; CHAPTER 14: ORGAN TRANSPLANTS; Procuring Organs; Allocating Organs; CHAPTER 15: HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH SYSTEM PLANNING, AND RATIONING; The Problem of Small, Incremental Benefits; Limits on Unproved Therapies; Marginally Beneficial, Expensive Therapy; Valued Care that Is Not Costworthy; Funding Care that Patients Have Refused; Pharmaceutical Manufacturers versus Insurers; Insurance and the Uninsured; CHAPTER 16: EXPERIMENTATION ON HUMAN SUBJECTS; Calculating Risks and Benefits; Privacy and Confidentiality; Equity in Research; Conflicts of Interest in Research; Informed Consent in Research; CHAPTER 17: CONSENT AND THE RIGHT TO REFUSE TREATMENT; The Elements of a Consent; The Standards for Consent; Comprehension and Voluntariness; CHAPTER 18: DEATH AND DYING; The Definition of Death; Competent and Formerly Competent Patients; Never Competent Patients; Futile Care and Limits Based on the Interests of Others; APPENDIX: CODES OF ETHICS; The Hippocratic Oath; World Medical Association, Declaration of Geneva; The American Medical Association, Principles of Medical Ethics; Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights

Dettagli sul prodotto

• Autori: Dan C. English, Amy M. Haddad, Robert M. Veatch, Robert M./ Haddad Veatch
• Editore: Oxford University Press
• Lingue: Inglese
• Formato: Tascabile
• Pubblicazione: 23.02.2009, ritardato
• EAN: 9780195309720
• ISBN: 978-0-19-530972-0
• Pagine: 496