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This book explains how decarbonisation of transport connects to the wider project of making more sustainable and circular society.
Emissions reduction in the transportation sector has become a critical challenge for both mitigating climate change and reducing diseases due to air pollution. However, transport decarbonization is also strongly connected to the urgent need of an increased resource efficiency and a transition towards a more sustainable, bio-based and circular society. This book describing the technology and the potential application of hydrogen and low carbon fuels. In the first section, it lays out the general principles and assessment methodologies, including the evaluation of local and global impacts from an environmental, economic and social perspective. Subsequently, the second section describes the technology to produce sustainable fuels including electrolytic hydrogen and electro-methane, bio-hydrogen, gaseous and liquid biofuels. Finally, in the book s last section, specific case studies are provided including urban and long-range wheel transport, as well as rail, navigation and airplane applications.
Sommario
Introduction - Interdependencies between circular bio-economy and transport decarbonization.- Section A - General principles and assessment methodologies.- Emissions from the transport sector.- Circular economy principles in renewable fuels.- Bio-based approaches in resource recovery.- Local environmental impact and atmospheric dispersion modelling.- Global environmental impact and life cycle assessment.- Economic impact and life cycle cost.- Social impact and integrated sustainability.- Section B - Production technologies.- Electrolytic hydrogen.- Bio-hydrogen from dark fermentation.- Bio-hydrogen from photo-fermentation.- Biogas from anaerobic digestion.- Biogas upgrading to biomethane.- Liquefied biomethane.- Syngas from gasification.- Syngas reforming.- Pyrolysis.- Methanation of electrolytic hydrogen.- Bioethanol.- Biodiesel.- Other low-carbon fuels.- Integrated management of the byproducts (digestate, biochar etc).- Section C - Sector-specific applications.- Private urban mobility.- Local public transport.- Heavy duty transport.- Rail transport.- Ship transport and port operations.- Air transport.- Low-carbon fuels in agriculture.
