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After years of widely acknowledging race discrimination in higher education, American government leaders, college and university officials, and at-large citizens today question the need for civil rights laws and policies. Within an important sector of the public higher education community - roughly nineteen states that used to operate laws separating students by race - dispute focuses upon systemwide Title VI enforcement. Two interpretations of Title VI enforcement coexist. Among conservatives, absence of continuing discrimination and continuing good faith effort signal an end to the need for government enforcement. Among more liberal stakeholders, past enforcement has been weakly undertaken despite past and currently increasing evidence of continued discrimination.
Closely reviewing evidence of past and current enforcement, Williams presents a reinterpretation: Considerable evidence of continued discrimination exists, but weak design and limited implementation provides an incomplete picture of past and current enforcement. Weak federal enforcement establishes a context for previously unrecognized unofficial state responses, and unofficial responses display important elements of a generic race relations ritual first chronicled in largely forgotten humanities and sociological literature from the 1960s. An important study for scholars, students, researchers, and policymakers of contemporary American education and race relations.
Sommario
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Federal Aspects of Enforcement in Higher Education, 1970-90
Formal and Informal State Title VI Enforcement Patterns, 1970-90: Case Study of the Georgia State University System
Mobilizing Title VI Enforcement in Mississippi, 1992-96
Planning Civil Rights Enforcement in Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana
Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations
Select Bibliography
Info autore
Born in North Vancouver British Columbia Canada, to Vern and Sandra Williams and the eldest of two children, John Williams grew up primarily in North Vancouver and Coquitlam, British Columbia Canada.
He left school at the age of seventeen and at nineteen he joined the Canadian Armed Forces. Honorably discharged from the Navy, he found himself employment in private security industry that eventually led him to a career in law enforcement.
At the early age of twenty-one, he found himself working as a guard at the once highly publicized British Columbia Penitentiary in New West Minster British Columbia.
For thirty-six years he worked for the Correctional Service of Canada, this book is about his experience as a front line Federal Correctional officer, and the challenges that they face day to day.
