Teaching Social Studies to English Language Learners

This fully updated new edition provides readers with a comprehensive understanding of the challenges that face English language learners (ELLs), also known as English Learners (ELs), as well as the ways in which educators might address them in the social studies classroom.

Sommario

List of Figures
List of Tables
Acknowledgements
Introduction
PART I — English Learners
1.1 — Orientation
Key Judicial Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Rise of Mainstreaming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2 — Not All ELs and Families Are the Same
Stages of Cultural Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cultural Practices at School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Effective Home–School Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ideas: On Fostering Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ideas: On Fostering Approachability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ideas: On Achieving Good Follow-Through . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Summary
1.3. — English Learners with Exceptionalities
Pedagogic and Programmatic Models
Teacher Approaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gifted EL Students. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4 — The Process of English Language Learning in the Social Studies Classroom and What to Expect
Introduction
Stages of Language Development
Principles for Creating Effective Language Learning Environments
Constructing a Curriculum with Language Needs in Mind. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Language Learning in the Social Studies Classroom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PART II — Social Studies Teaching and Learning
2.1 — Principles of Social Studies Teaching and Learning
Elements of an Instructional Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Social Studies and the Common Core Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Study Skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Intellectual Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Conclusion
2.2 — Social Studies-Focused EL Scholarship
The Classroom Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Content-Centered Language Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Best Language Practice in Social Studies Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discussion and Questioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discovery and Exploration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Language Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sheltered Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Individualized and Differentiated Instruction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Technology-Based Instruction and Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cooperative Learning Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bilingual Education and Translanguaging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Culturally Responsive Pedagogy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Importance of Reflective Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Promising Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Summary
2.3 — Pathways for Enacting the Social Studies Curriculum
Textbooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Visual Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Graphic Organizers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alternative “Texts” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Demonstrations and Total Physical Response. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Role Playing and Simulations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assessment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some final reminders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PART III — Teaching Social Studies
3.1 — Introduction
3.2 — Geography
Looking into Classrooms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kinesthetic Learning and Stratified Questioning: The Concept of Scale (Levels 1–4) . . . . . . .
Kinesthetic Learning and Visual Aids: Africa: Physical Geography and Population Distribution (Levels 3 and 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
K–W–L–Q–H, Visual Aids, Guided Imagery, and Stratified Questioning: Women’s Work in Southern India (Levels 2–4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discovery Exercise Using Visual Aids and Stratified Questioning: Adaptation to the Environment: Place Where Native Americans Lived (Levels 1–4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discussion Dyads, Vocabulary Development, Map Interpretation: Sharing the Colorado River (Levels 2–4) . . . . . . .
3.3 — U.S. History
Looking into Classrooms . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Visual Aids, Stratified Questioning: Lewis and Clark Expedition (Levels 1–4) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dioramas, Kinesthetic Learning, and Cooperative Learning: Lewis and Clark Activity 3: Creating a Diorama (Levels 1–4). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Political Cartoon, Critical Analysis, Questioning and Discussion: Immigration in U.S. History (Levels 1–4) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Timelines and Stratified Questioning Strategy: Woodrow Wilson (Levels 1–4) . . . . . . . . . . .
Modified Text, Visual Aids, Picture Books, Stratified Questioning, and Music: Women in WWII (Levels 1–4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Visual Aids, Role Playing, Guided Reading, and Stratified Questioning: Japanese Americans During WWII (Levels 1–4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Eisenhower’s Military–Industrial Complex Speech, 1961: Simplifying Text and Role Playing (Levels 3 and 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.4 — World History
Looking into Classrooms . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Culturally Sensitive Pedagogy, Visual Aids, Stratified Questioning, and Research Skills: World Origins of Our Class (Levels 1–4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Visual Aids, Guided Observation, Word Wall, and Stratified Questioning: The Agricultural Revolution (Levels 1 and 2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Realia, Word Wall, and Visual Aids: The Renaissance (Levels 1–4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Visual Aids and Primary Source Documents: Cultural Encounter and Exploration (Levels 3 and 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Simplified Text and Concept Map: The Enlightenment (Levels 2–4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Visual Aids, Stratified Questioning, and Guided Discussion: The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain (Levels 1–4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Role Playing and Cooperative Learning: Factory Life in Twentieth Century Mexico (Levels 2–4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.5 — Government and Civics
Looking into Classrooms . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Graphic Organizers and Visuals: The Duties, Responsibilities, and Rights of United States Citizens (Levels 1 and 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using Peer Teaching, Translanguaging, and Visual Aids: Political Cartoons (Levels 2–4) . . . . . .
Teaching with Primary Sources: National Heritage Documents (Levels 2–4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using Bilingual Dictionaries and Graphic Organizers: Voting Rights (Levels 3 and 4). . . . . .
Supporting Language Development by Simplifying Complex Text and Using Visual Aids: Women’s Suffrage (Levels 3 and 4). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Visual Aids and Graphic Organizers: Executive Powers (Levels 1–4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Federal Budget: Where Should the Government's Money Go?
3.6 — Economics
Looking into Classrooms . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Simplified Text, Visuals, and Foldables: Developing Key Vocabulary (Levels 1 and 2) . . . . . . . .
Visual Aids, Realia, Expressive Demonstration, and Stratified Questioning Strategy: Goods, Services, Needs, and Wants (Levels 1–4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cooperative Learning: Setting Priorities and Making Choices: Personal Budgeting. (Levels 3 and 4) . . . . . . . .
Graphic Organizers and Cooperative Learning: Consumer Credit and Debt (Levels 2–4) . . . .
Visual Aids and Stratified Questioning Strategy: Advertising (Levels 1–4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.7 — Behavioral Sciences: Sociology, Anthropology, and Psychology
Looking into Classrooms . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cooperative Learning, Drawing, and Visual Aids: Perspective Consciousness through Mental Cartography (Levels 1–4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Visuals, Graphic Organizers, Artifacts, and Modified Assessment: Religions of the World (Levels 1 and 2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Visual Aids, Realia, Object-Based Learning: Archaeological Artifacts (Levels 1 and 2). . . . . .
Guided Visual Analysis, Graphic Organizers, and Cooperative Learning: Social Institutions and Elements of Culture (Levels 1-4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alternative Assessments: Sociology: Surveys and Opinion Polls (Levels 2-4)
Visual Art, Graphic Organizer, and Effective Closure: Psychology: Identity Formation (Levels 1–4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.8 — Social Issues in the Social Studies Classroom
Looking into Classrooms . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cooperative Learning, Kinesthetic Activities, and Stratified Questioning Strategy: The Paper Chase (Levels 1–4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using Technology, Audio-Visual Materials, and Cooperative Learning: Contemporary Social Issues at Home and Abroad (Levels 2–4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kinesthetic Learning and Critical Thinking: Taking a Stand (Levels 2–4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Infographics, Critical thinking, and Discussion: World Population Trends (Levels 3 and 4) . . . . .
Critical Visual Analysis, Student Research, and Discussion: Social Media and Hashtag Activism (Levels 1–4) . . . . . . . . . .
Index

Info autore

Bárbara C. Cruz is Professor of Social Science Education at the University of South Florida, USA.
Stephen J. Thornton is Emeritus Professor of Social Science Education at the University of South Florida, USA.

Riassunto

This fully updated new edition provides readers with a comprehensive understanding of the challenges that face English language learners (ELLs), also known as English Learners (ELs), as well as the ways in which educators might address them in the social studies classroom.

Dettagli sul prodotto

• Autori: Bárbara C. Cruz, Barbara C. (University of South Florida Cruz, Barbara C. Thornton Cruz, Stephen J. Thornton, Thornton Stephen J.
• Editore: Taylor & Francis Ltd.
• Lingue: Inglese
• Formato: Tascabile
• Pubblicazione: 02.10.2024
• EAN: 9781032499437
• ISBN: 978-1-0-3249943-7
• Pagine: 264
• Serie: Teaching English Language Learners across the Curriculum
• Categorie: Scienze umane, arte, musica > Pedagogia > Tematiche generali, enciclopedie; EDUCATION / General, EDUCATION / Bilingual Education, Secondary Schools, Teaching of a specific subject, Bilingualism & multilingualism, Multicultural education, Bilingualism and multilingualism, Educational strategies and policy, EDUCATION / Teaching / Subjects / Social Science