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LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAYS
THE NEW EDITION OF THE GOLD-STANDARD IN TEACHING AND REFERENCING THE FUNDAMENTALS OF LCD TECHNOLOGIES
This book presents an up-to-date view of modern LCD technology. Offering balanced coverage of all major aspects of the field, this comprehensive volume provides the theoretical and practical information required for the development and manufacture of high-performance, energy-efficient LCDs.
The third edition incorporates new technologies and applications throughout. Several brand-new chapters discuss topics such as the application of Oxide TFTs and high mobility circuits, high-mobility TFT-semiconductors in LCD addressing, liquid crystal displays in automotive instrument clusters and touch-screen systems, and the use of ultra-high-resolution LCD panels in augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) displays. This practical reference and guide:
* Provides a complete account of commercially relevant LCD technologies, including their physics, mathematical descriptions, and electronic addressing
* Features extensively revised and expanded information, including more than 150 pages of new material
* Includes the addition of Oxide Transistors and their increased mobilities, the advances of fringe field switching and an overview of automotive displays
* Presents quantitative results with full equation sets, their derivation, and tabular summaries of related information sets
Sommario
Series Editor's Preface to the Third Edition
Foreword to the Second Edition
Preface to the Third Edition
Preface to the Second Edition
Preface to the First Edition
About the Authors
1 Introduction 1
2 Liquid Crystal Materials and Liquid Crystal Cells 3
2.1 Properties of Liquid Crystals 3
2.1.1 Shape and phases of liquid crystals 3
2.1.2 Material properties of anisotropic liquid crystals 6
2.2 The Operation of a Twisted Nematic LCD 11
2.2.1 The electro-optical effects in transmissive twisted nematic LC cells 11
2.2.2 The addressing of LCDs by TFTs 18
3 Electro-optic Effects in Untwisted Nematic Liquid Crystals 21
3.1 The Planar and Harmonic Wave of Light 21
3.2 Propagation of Polarized Light in Birefringent Untwisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Cells 26
3.2.1 The propagation of light in a Fre´edericksz cell 26
3.2.2 The transmissive Fre´edericksz cell 31
3.2.3 The reflective Fre´edericksz cell 37
3.2.4 The Fre´edericksz cell as a phase-only modulator 39
3.2.5 The DAP cell or the vertically aligned cell 42
3.2.6 The HAN cell 44
3.2.7 The p cell 46
3.2.8 Switching dynamics of untwisted nematic LCDs 48
3.2.9 Fast blue phase liquid crystals 54
4 Electro-optic Effects in Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystals 57
4.1 The Propagation of Polarized Light in Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Cells 57
COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL
4.2 The Various Types of TN Cells 67
4.2.1 The regular TN cell 67
4.2.2 The supertwisted nematic LC cell (STN-LCD) 70
4.2.3 The mixed mode twisted nematic cell (MTN cell) 74
4.2.4 Reflective TN cells 76
4.3 Electronically Controlled Birefringence for the Generation of Colour 80
5 Descriptions of Polarization 83
5.1 The Characterizations of Polarization 83
5.2 A Differential Equation for the Propagation of Polarized Light through Anisotropic Media 91
5.3 Special Cases for Propagation of Light 95
5.3.1 Incidence of linearly polarized light 95
5.3.2 Incident light is circularly polarized 97
6 Propagation of Light with an Arbitrary Incident Angle through Anisotropic Media 99
6.1 Basic Equations for the Propagation of Light 99
6.2 Enhancement of the Performance of LC Cells 107
6.2.1 The degradation of picture quality 107
6.2.2 Optical compensation foils for the enhancement of picture quality 109
6.2.2.1 The enhancement of contrast 109
6.2.2.2 Compensation foils for LC molecules with different optical axis 110
6.2.3 Suppression of grey shade inversion and the preservation of grey shade stability 115
6.2.4 Fabrication of compensation foils 116
6.3 Electro-optic Effects with Wide Viewing Angle 116
6.3.1 Multidomain pixels 116
6.3.2 In-plane switching 117
6.3.3 Optically compensated bend cells 119
6.4 Multidomain VA Cells, Especially for TV 121
6.4.1 The torque generated by an electric field 122
6.4.2 The requirements for a VA display, especially for TV 124
6.4.2.1 The speeds of operation 124
6.4.2.2 Colour shift, change in contrast and image sticking 124
6.4.3 VA cells for TV applications 129
6.4.3.1 Multidomain VA cells with protrusions (MVAs) 129
6.4.3.2 Patterned VA cells (PVAs) 130
6.4.3.3 PVA cells with two subpixels (CS-S-PVAs) 132
6.4.3.4 Cell technologies avoiding a delayed optical response 136
- Polymer sustained align
Info autore
ERNST LUEDER is Professor Emeritus, Department of Electrical Communications, University of Stuttgart, Germany, where he was Director of the Institute of Network and Systems Theory. Now retired, he has authored more than 200 publications on LCDs, network and system theory and optimization, and sensors and electro- optical signal processing.
PETER KNOLL was employed at Robert Bosch GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany, from 1980 until his retirement in 2006. He is now a retired Associate Professor for Driver Assistance Systems and associated Human Machine Interaction at the KIT, formerly University of Karlsruhe, Germany.
SEUNG HEE LEE is Professor, Jeonbuk National University, South Korea. He has invented fringe-field switching (FFS) liquid crystal device, which is widely used in all high-end liquid crystal displays. He has received several major awards such as the Merck Award-Major from the Korean Information Display Society, Jan Rajchman Prize from the Society of Information Display.
