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A FRESH EXAMINATION OF PRECISION MEDICINE'S INCREASINGLY PROMINENT ROLE IN THE FIELD OF ONCOLOGY
Precision medicine takes into account each patient's specific characteristics and requirements to arrive at treatment plans that are optimized towards the best possible outcome. As the field of oncology continues to advance, this tailored approach is becoming more and more prevalent, channelling data on genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and other areas into new and innovative methods of practice. Precision Medicine in Oncology draws together the essential research driving the field forward, providing oncology clinicians and trainees alike with an illuminating overview of the technology and thinking behind the breakthroughs currently being made.
Topics covered include:
* Biologically-guided radiation therapy
* Informatics for precision medicine
* Molecular imaging
* Biomarkers for treatment assessment
* Big data
* Nanoplatforms
Casting a spotlight on this emerging knowledge base and its impact upon the management of tumors, Precision Medicine in Oncology opens up new possibilities and ways of working - not only for oncologists, but also for molecular biologists, radiologists, medical geneticists, and others.
Sommario
List of Contributors xiii
Preface xv
List of Abbreviations xvii
1 Genomic Strategies for Personalized Cancer Therapy
Arkadiusz Z. Dudek, Kate Baxstrom, Sushma Bharadwaj, Anne Blaes, Amit Kulkarni, Emil Lou, Vijeyaluxmy Nehru, Emma Rabinovich, Ardaman Shergill, and Maya Viner
1.1 Introduction 1
1.1.1 Definition of Precision Medicine in Oncology 1
1.1.2 DNA and RNA Sequencing Techniques 2
1.2 Precision Medicine in Specific Tumors 3
1.2.1 Lung Cancer 3
1.2.1.1 Adenocarcinoma 4
1.2.1.2 Squamous Cell Carcinoma 4
1.2.1.3 Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma (SCLC) 4
1.2.1.4 Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Mutations 4
1.2.1.5 Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) 5
1.2.1.6 BRAF, ROS1, MET 5
1.2.1.7 KRAS 6
1.2.1.8 Other: RET, NTRK 6
1.2.2 Head and Neck Cancers 6
1.2.2.1 HPV-Positive Cancers 7
1.2.2.2 HPV-Negative Cancers 8
1.2.2.3 Targeting the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Pathway 8
1.2.2.4 Thyroid Cancers 8
1.2.2.5 Other Targets 8
1.2.3 Hematological Malignancies 9
1.2.3.1 Lymphoma 9
1.2.3.2 Leukemia 10
1.2.3.3 Myelodysplastic Syndrome 11
1.2.4 Gynecologic Malignancies 11
1.2.4.1 Cervical 11
1.2.4.2 Uterine 11
1.2.4.3 Ovarian 12
1.2.5 Melanoma 13
1.2.6 Gastrointestinal Malignancies 16
1.2.6.1 Gastroesophageal Cancers 17
1.2.6.2 Colorectal Cancers 17
1.2.7 Breast Cancer 19
1.2.7.1 Basal-Like, or Triple Negative Breast Cancer 19
1.2.7.2 Luminal A/B, or Hormone Positive 20
1.2.7.3 HER2 Positive Breast Cancer 20
1.2.7.4 Immunotherapy 20
1.2.7.5 Germline Testing in Breast Cancer 21
1.2.7.6 Conclusion 21
1.2.8 Genitourinary Malignancies 21
1.2.8.1 Prostate Cancer 21
1.2.8.2 Renal Cell Cancer (RCC) 23
1.2.8.3 Urothelial Cancers 23
1.2.9 Pediatric Cancers 24
1.2.9.1 Introduction 24
1.2.9.2 Leukemia and Lymphoma 24
1.2.9.3 Central and Peripheral Nervous System Tumors 25
1.2.9.4 Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas 26
1.2.9.5 Other Embryonal Tumors 26
1.2.9.6 Conclusion 27
1.2.10 Cancers of Unknown Primary Origin 27
1.2.10.1 Diagnosis 27
1.2.10.2 Gene Expression Profiling 28
1.2.10.3 Mutational Testing with Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) 28
1.2.10.4 Treatment 28
1.3 Biomarkers for Immunotherapy of Cancer 28
1.3.1 PD-L1 29
1.3.2 Soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) 29
1.3.3 Combined Positive Score (CPS) 30
1.3.4 Tumor Microenvironment 30
1.3.5 Tumor Mutational Burden (TMB) 30
1.3.6 Microsatellite Instability (MSI) 31
1.3.7 MMR Deficiency 31
1.3.8 Peripheral Blood Absolute Neutrophil Count/Absolute Lymphocyte Count 31
1.3.9 Microbiome 31
1.4 Clinical Trial Design in the Era of Precision Oncology 32
1.5 Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues of Precision Oncology 33
1.5.1 Ethical Issues 33
1.5.2 Legal Issues 34
1.5.3 Social Issues 35
1.6 Databases, Data Sharing, and Challenges of Precision Oncology 36
References 37
2 Blood-Based Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Cancer 61
Shreetama Bandyopadhayaya and Chandi C. Mandal
2.1 Introduction 61
2.2 Importance of Blood-Based Biomarkers 61
2.3 Circulating Proteins as Biomarkers 62
2.4 Circulating Long
Info autore
Bulent Aydogan, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
James Radosevich, PhD, Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
