Ulteriori informazioni
Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy
A guide to conducting systematic reviews of test accuracy
In Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy, a team of distinguished researchers deliver the official guide to preparing and maintaining systematic reviews of test accuracy in healthcare. This first edition of the Handbook contains guidance on understanding test accuracy measures, search strategies and study selection, understanding meta-analysis and risk of bias and applicability assessments, presentation of findings, and drawing conclusions.
Readers will also find:
* An introduction to test evaluation, including the purposes of medical testing, test accuracy and the impact of tests on patient outcomes
* Comprehensive explorations of the design of test accuracy studies, including discussions of reference standards and comparative test accuracy studies
* Considerations of the methods and presentation of systematic reviews of test accuracy
* Elaboration of study selection, data collection, and undertaking risk of bias and applicability assessments
Perfect for medical practitioners and clinicians, Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy will also benefit professionals in epidemiology and students in related fields.
Sommario
Contributors xv
Preface xix
Part One About Cochrane Reviews of diagnostic test accuracy 1
1 Planning a Cochrane Review of diagnostic test accuracy 3
1.1 Introduction 4
1.2 Why do a systematic review of test accuracy? 4
1.3 Undertaking a Cochrane Review of diagnostic test accuracy 5
1.3.1 The role of the Diagnostic Test Accuracy Editorial Team 5
1.3.2 Expectations for the conduct and reporting of Cochrane Reviews of diagnostic test accuracy 5
1.3.3 Data management and quality assurance 6
1.3.4 Keeping the Review up to date 6
1.4 Proposing a new Cochrane Review of diagnostic test accuracy 6
1.5 Cochrane Protocols 7
1.6 The author team 11
1.6.1 The importance of the team 11
1.6.2 Criteria for authorship 12
1.6.3 Incorporating relevant perspectives and stakeholder involvement 12
1.7 Resources and support 13
1.7.1 Identifying resources and support 13
1.7.2 Funding and conflicts of interest 14
1.7.3 Training 14
1.7.4 Software 15
1.8 Chapter information 15
1.9 References 16
Part Two Introducing test accuracy 19
2 Evaluating medical tests 21
2.1 Introduction 21
2.2 Types of medical tests 22
2.3 Test accuracy 23
2.4 How do diagnostic tests affect patient outcomes? 24
2.4.1 Direct test effects 25
2.4.2 Altering clinical decisions and actions 25
2.4.3 Changes to time frames and populations 25
2.4.4 Influencing patient and clinician perceptions 26
2.5 Evaluations of test accuracy during test development 26
2.5.1 Evaluations of accuracy during biomarker discovery 26
2.5.2 Early evaluations of test accuracy 27
2.5.3 Clinical evaluations of test accuracy 28
2.6 Other purposes of medical testing 28
2.6.1 Predisposition 29
2.6.2 Risk stratification 29
2.6.3 Screening 29
2.6.4 Staging 29
2.6.5 Prognosis 30
2.6.6 Treatment selection 30
2.6.7 Treatment efficacy 31
2.6.8 Therapeutic monitoring 31
2.6.9 Surveillance for progression or recurrence 31
2.7 Chapter information 32
2.8 References 32
3 Understanding the design of test accuracy studies 35
3.1 Introduction 35
3.2 The basic design for a test accuracy study 36
3.3 Multiple groups of participants 39
3.4 Multiple reference standards 42
3.5 More on reference standards 44
3.5.1 Delayed verification 44
3.5.2 Composite reference standard 44
3.5.3 Panel- based reference 44
3.5.4 Latent class analysis 45
3.5.5 Gold standard 45
3.5.6 Clinical reference standard 45
3.6 Comparative test accuracy studies 45
3.6.1 Paired comparative accuracy study 46
3.6.2 Randomized comparative accuracy study 46
3.6.3 Non- randomized comparative accuracy study 47
3.7 Additional aspects of study designs 47
3.7.1 Prospective versus retrospective 48
3.7.2 Pragmatic versus explanatory 48
3.8 Concluding remarks 49
3.9 Chapter information 49
3.10 References 50
4 Understanding test accuracy measures 53
4.1 Introduction 53
4.2 Types of test data 54
4.3 Inconclusive index test results 55
4.4 Target condition 56
4.5 Analysis of a primary test accuracy study 56
4.5.1 Sensitivity and specificity 57
4.5.2 Predictive values 58
Info autore
Jonathan J. Deeks is Professor at the Institute of Applied Health Research at the University of Birmingham in the United Kingdom. He is a member of Cochrane's Diagnostic Test Accuracy Editorial team.
Patrick M. Bossuyt is Professor at the Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science in the Netherlands.
Mariska M. Leeflang is Associate Professor at the Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science in the Netherlands. She is a Convenor of Cochrane's Screening and Diagnostic Tests Methods Group.
Yemisi Takwoingi is Professor at the Institute of Applied Health Research at the University of Birmingham, UK and a Convenor of Cochrane's Screening and Diagnostic Tests Methods Group.
