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Veterinary Oral Diagnostic Imaging
Complete reference on using diagnostic imaging in veterinary dentistry and interpreting diagnostic images in dogs, cats, exotic pets, zoological animals, and horses
Veterinary Oral Diagnostic Imaging offers veterinary clinicians a complete guide to using diagnostic imaging for common dentistry and oral surgery procedures in a veterinary practice. It provides guidance on positioning, techniques, and interpreting diagnostic images in the oral cavity, with more than 600 high-quality dental diagnostic images showing both normal anatomy and pathology for comparison. Focusing on dental radiography in dogs, cats, exotic pets, zoological animals, and horses, the book also includes advanced modalities such as MRI, CT, and cone beam CT.
Veterinary Oral Diagnostic Imaging covers:
* History, physiology, and indications for diagnostic imaging of the oral cavity, with information on the history of diagnostic imaging and radiographic image creation
* Digital dental radiographic positioning and image labeling, covering the parallel technique, bisecting angle, radiographic positioning errors, and labial mounting
* Interpretation of anatomy, covering normal radiographic anatomy, dentition and tooth numbers, deciduous and permanent teeth of canine and feline patients, eruption patterns and common and uncommon radiographic pathology observed in these animals
* Standard imaging, radiographic anatomy, and interpretation of equine patients, as well as exotic pocket pets and zoological animals
Focusing on the fundamentals of dental radiographic imaging, interpretation, and applications to the oral cavity, Veterinary Oral Diagnostic Imaging is an essential resource for any veterinarian providing dental services as part of their practice, along with veterinary students and interns.
Sommario
List of Contributors xv
Preface xvii
Acknowledgements xix
1 History, Physiology, Modality Options, and Safety for Diagnostic Imaging of the Oral Cavity 1
Brenda L. Mulherin
History of Diagnostic Imaging 1
Discovery of X-rays 1
Developing of Safety Measures 1
Shortening of Exposure Time 1
Glass Plates to Film 2
Progression to Digital 2
Philosophy of Diagnostic Imaging 2
Choosing the Appropriate Modality 2
Ability to Interpret Findings 3
Radiographic Indications 3
Documentation of Disease 3
Value of Full-Mouth Radiography 3
American Animal Hospital Association Guidelines Regarding Dental Radiography 3
Intraoral Dental Radiographic Equipment 3
Generators 3
Wall-Mounted Units 4
Handheld Units 4
Mobile Units/Castor-Mounted Units 4
Film 4
Standard Film 5
Digital Image Acquisition 6
Radiographic Imaging 7
Basic Unit of an X-ray 7
Milliamperes (mA), Kilovoltage Peak (kVp), and Exposure Time 8
Radiographic Densities 9
Radiopaque 9
Radiolucent 10
Digital Image Creation 10
Creation of a Digital Image 10
Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine Format (DICOM) 10
Pixels 10
Advanced Imaging Modalities 10
Computed Tomography 10
Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) 12
Magnetic Resonance Imaging 13
Definitions Relating to Imaging Modalities 13
Sagittal Plane 13
Transverse Plane 13
Dorsal Plane 14
Computed Tomography Window Width and Window Level 14
Window Width 15
Window Level 15
Other Common Viewing Windows 16
Bone Window 16
Soft Tissue Window 16
Radiation Safety 16
Radiation Safety Apparel 16
Collimation 16
As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) 17
Time, Distance, and Shielding 17
Time 17
Distance 17
Shielding 17
Radiation Safety Equipment Inspection 17
Protective Apparel 17
Care of Radiation Safety Equipment 18
Radiation Safety Inspection Protocol 19
References 20
2 Digital Dental Radiographic Positioning and Image Labeling 23
Brenda L. Mulherin and Chad Lothamer
Benefits to Proper Positioning 23
Practicing Techniques 23
Use of Position Indicating Device (PID) 23
Positioning Techniques 24
Patient Positioning 24
Sternal Recumbency 25
Dorsal Recumbency 25
Lateral Recumbency 25
Sensor/Phosphor Plate/Film Placement 26
Basic Positioning of Sensor 27
Eliminating Unused Film Space 29
Visualization of the Crown and Space Apical to Root 29
Intraoral Parallel Technique 30
Ideal Radiographic Technique 30
Placement of Sensor for Parallel Technique 31
Size Matters 31
Alternative Positioning 32
Parallel Technique for Cats 32
Intraoral Bisecting Angle Technique 32
Plane of the Tooth, Plane of the Film, and the Angle that Bisects 32
Shadow Game: Elongation, Foreshortening, and the Bisecting Angle 32
Axis of the Sensor, the Tooth, and the PID 33
Positioning of the Patient Matters 35
Anatomical Variations 36
Uses of the Bisecting Angle Technique 36
Occlusal Radiographic Technique 37
Feline Maxillary Premolar an
Info autore
Brenda L. Mulherin, DVM, Diplomate AVDC, is a Clinical Professor with the Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center at Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine in Ames, Iowa, USA.
