Ulteriori informazioni
Authoritative, accessible, and updated introduction to sedimentary rocks for undergraduate students
Sedimentary Petrology provides readers with a concise account of sedimentary rock composition, mineralogy, texture, structure, diagenesis, and depositional environments. The new edition of this classic text incorporates the many technological and analytical advances of the last decade, revealing exciting details of processes such as microbial precipitation, how microporosity is created within mudrocks, and the chemical composition of foraminifera deposits, which can be a key indicator for changing seawater temperature.
This fourth edition offers a comprehensive update and expansion of the previous editions with a new set of illustrations, new references, and further reading. The new co-author Stuart Jones has brought his considerable expertise in clastic sedimentology to the rewritten chapters on sandstones and mudrocks. The addition of color images throughout the text will aid students immensely in their studies and petrographic fieldwork.
Sample topics covered in Sedimentary Petrology include:
* Advances in modeling and programming to simulate depositional-diagenetic conditions and controls which support field-lab descriptions and interpretations
* Ocean acidification and the demise of coral reefs, and the role of the oceans in carbon capture and storage
* Sedimentary ironstones and iron-formations, sedimentary phosphate deposits, coal, oil shale and petroleum, and cherts and siliceous sediments
* Limestones, evaporites, volcaniclastic sediments, sandstones, conglomerates, breccias, and the effects of microplastics on marine organisms
Aimed at undergraduates in geology and earth science, Sedimentary Petrology is an excellent teaching and learning resource for introductory courses in sedimentary rocks.
Sommario
Preface to Fourth Edition xiv
Preface to the Third Edition xv
Biographies xvi
1 Introduction: Basic Concepts and Approach 1
1.1 Introduction
1
1.2 Basic
Concepts 1
1.2.1 Classification of Sedimentary Rocks 1
1.2.2 Sedimentary Environments and Facies 2
1.2.2.1 Facies 2
1.2.2.2 Facies Models 2
1.2.3 Controls on Deposition: Tectonics, Climate and Sea Level 3
1.2.3.1 Climate 4
1.2.3.2 Sea Level 4
1.2.4 Stratigraphic Practice 5
1.2.5 Sequence Stratigraphy 7
1.2.5.1 Introduction 7
1.2.5.2 Accommodation and Sedimentation Rates 7
1.2.5.3 Scale and Order 8
1.2.5.4 Stratigraphic Sequences, Key Surfaces, Systems Tracts 8
1.2.5.5 Metre-Scale
Cycles, High-Frequency
Sequences, Parasequences 11
1.2.6 Diagenesis 13
1.3 Methodology
13
1.3.1 In the Field 13
1.3.2 In the Laboratory 15
1.3.3 The Sedimentological Literature 17
Further
Reading 18
2 Siliciclastic Sediments I: Sandstones, Conglomerates and Breccias 19
2.1 Introduction
19
2.2 Sediment
Texture 19
2.2.1 Grain Size and Grain-size
Parameters 21
2.2.1.1 Interpretation and Use of Grain-size
Analyses 26
2.2.2 Grain Morphology 27
2.2.3 Grain-surface
Texture 28
2.2.4 Grain Fabric 29
2.2.5 Textural Maturity 30
2.3 Sedimentary
Structures 31
2.3.1 Erosional Sedimentary Structures 31
2.3.2 Depositional Sedimentary Structures 34
2.3.2.1 Sediment Transport and Aqueous Flows 34
Contents
0005399227.INDD 7 12-29-2022 11:54:51
viii Contents
2.3.2.2 Bedding and Lamination 39
2.3.2.3 Current Ripples, Dunes and Cross-Stratification 40
2.3.2.4 Flaser and Lenticular Bedding 44
2.3.2.5 Antidunes and Antidune Bedding 45
2.3.2.6 Wave-formed
Ripples and Cross-Lamination
45
2.3.2.7 Hummocky Cross-Stratification (HCS) 46
2.3.2.8 Wind Ripples, Dunes, Draas and Aeolian Cross-bedding
47
2.3.2.9 Graded Bedding 50
2.3.2.10 Mudcracks: Desiccation and Syneresis 51
2.3.3 Post-depositional
Sedimentary Structures 52
2.3.4 Biogenic Sedimentary Structures 56
2.4 Palaeocurrent
Analysis 60
2.4.1 Palaeocurrent Indicators 61
2.5 Detrital
Components of Siliciclastic Sediments 63
2.5.1 Rock Fragments 64
2.5.2 Quartz 65
2.5.3 Feldspars 67
2.5.4 Micas 69
2.5.5 Clay Minerals 69
2.5.6 Heavy Minerals 70
2.5.7 Other Detrital Components 71
2.5.8 Compositional Maturity 71
2.6 Classification
of Siliciclastic Sediments 72
2.6.1 Classification of Sandstones 72
2.6.2 Conglomerates and Breccias 75
2.6.2.1 Composition and Textures of Conglomerates 75
2.7 Petrography
and Origin of Principal Sandstone Types 77
2.7.1 Quartz Arenites 77
2.7.2 Arkoses 79
2.7.3 Litharenites 79
2.7.4 Greywackes 79
2.8 Sandstone
Composition, Provenance and Tectonic Setting 82
2.9 Sandstone
Diagenesis 84
2.9.1 Compaction and Pressure Dissolution 86
2.9.2 Silica Cementation 88
2.9.3 Carbonate Cementation 91
Info autore
Maurice E. Tucker graduated from Durham University and obtained his PhD from the University of Reading. He spent nearly 30 years at Durham University and is now a Visiting Professor at the University of Bristol.
Stuart J. Jones graduated in Geology from Aberystwyth University and received his PhD from the University of Reading. He is currently an Associate Professor of Sedimentology at Durham University.
