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Networks of Innovation offers an historical perspective on the manner in which private-sector organizations have acquired, sustained, and periodically lost the ability to develop, manufacture, and market new serum antitoxins and vaccines. The primary focus is on the H. K. Mulford Company, on Sharp & Dohme, which acquired Mulford in 1929, and upon Merck & Co., Inc., which merged with Sharp & Dohme in 1953. By surveying a century of innovation in biologicals, the authors are able to analyze the conditions that either promoted or prevented creative changes in this important industry. They show how the activities of these three commercial enterprises were related to a series of complex, evolving networks of scientific, governmental, and medical institutions in the United States and abroad. This is the first such history to draw extensively on sources internal to Merck, one of the world's leading innovators in modern vaccines and pharmaceuticals.
Sommario
Part I. A Critique of Traditional Marxism: 1. Rethinking Marx's critique of capitalism; 2. Presuppositions of traditional Marxism; 3. The limits of traditional Marxism and the pessimistic turn of Critical Theory; Part II. Toward a Reconstruction of the Marxian Critique: The Commodity 4. Abstract labor; 5. Abstract time; 6. Habermas's critique of Marx; Part III. Toward a Reconstruction of the Marxian Critique: capital; 7. Toward a theory of capital; 8. The dialectic of labor and time; 9. The trajectory of production; 10. Concluding considerations.
