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Short chain fatty acids (SFCA) are synthesized by the colonic microflora primarily from non-absorbed carbohydrate; there is also some limited production from non-absorbed protein. In contrast, SFCA are not normally present in the diet. During the past 15 years SFCA have attracted considerable interest in human nutrition, physiology and pathophysiology as a result of the realization that SFCA represent an important mechanism for carbohydrate and calorie conservation and may play a role in various types of colitides and possibly in colonic neoplasia. In addition, SFCA, produced in large amounts by ruminants and other herbivores, have long been the province of veterinary physiologists.
This book is based upon the presentations at the 73rd Falk Symposium held in Strasbourg, France, September 8--10, 1993, which brought together researchers and clinicians from five continents. It provides an excellent statement of the present state-of-the-art knowledge of SFCA.
Sommario
Introduction. Section I: Short Chain Fatty Acid Production. 1. Control of short chain volatile acid production in the colon; M.J. Wolin. 2. Quantitating short chain fatty acid production in humans; J.H. Cummings. 3. Energy value of fermentation; E. Wisker, W. Feldheim. 4. Segmental differences in colonic function; G.I. Sandle. 5. Short chain fatty acid and lactate production by human intestinal bacteria grown in batch and continuous culture; G.T. Macfarlane, G.R. Gibson, S. Macfarlane. 6. In vivo models for short chain fatty acid production; T. Midtvedt. Section II: Short Chain Fatty Acid Absorption. 7. Methodological approaches to study colonic short chain fatty acid transport; J.H. Sellin. 8. In vitro studies of short chain fatty acid transport with intact tissue; G. Rechkemmer. 9. Short chain fatty acid transport by human intestinal apical membranes; K. Ramaswamy, J.M. Harig, K.H. Soergel. 10. Short chain fatty acid stimulation of electroneutral Na--Cl absorption: role of apical SCFA--HCO3 and SCFA--Cl Exchanges; V.M. Rajendran, H.J. Binder. Section III: Colonocyte Biology. 11. Colonocyte differentiation and proliferation: overview and the butyrate-induced transcriptional regulation of oncodevelopmental placental-like alkaline phosphatase gene in colon cancer cells; Y.S. Kim, J.R. Gum, S.B. Ho, G. Deng. 12. Effect of butyrate on gene expression; J. Kruh, L. Tichonicky, N. Defer. 13. Butyrate and the colorectal cancer cell; G.P. Young, P.R. Gibson. 14. Short chain fatty acids and postoperative intestinal adaptation; K.J. Reilly, W.L. Frankel, J.L. Rombeau. 15. Cellular metabolism of colonocytes; J.R. del Castillo, R. Muñiz, M.C. Súlbaran-Carrasco, S. Pekerar. Section IV: Short Chain Fatty Acids and Colonic Diseases. 16. The imprint of disease on short chain fatty acid metabolism by colonocytes; W.E.W. Roediger. 17. Short chain fatty acids improve epithelia in ulcerative colitis? Speculation on mechanisms; W. Scheppach. 18. Short chain fatty acid rectal irrigation therapy for left-sided ulcerative colitis: A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Interim report; R.I. Breuer, M.L. Christ, B.A. Lashner, K.H. Soergel, S.B. Hanauer, J.M. Harig, ZM. Robinson, A. VAnagunas, A. Keshavarzian, T. Wardzala, M. Hinkle, M. Desai, A. Rademaker. 19. The use of short chain fatty acids in oral rehydration solutions; B.S. Ramakrishna. 20. Mechanism of carbohydrate-induced diarrhoea; J.-C. Rambaud, B. Flourié. 21. Antibiotic-associated diarrhoea; P.B. Mortensen, M.R. Clausen. Section V: Short Chain Fatty Acids and Metabolism. 22. Short chain fatty acids and carbohydrate metabolism; T. Wolever. 23. Propionate -- sources and effect on lipid metabolism; A. Stephen. 24. Short chain fatty acids and hepatic metabolism; C. Demigné, C. Ré mésy. Index.
Riassunto
Short chain fatty acids (SFCA) are synthesized by the colonic microflora primarily from non-absorbed carbohydrate;
