Polymers and Additives in Extreme Environments - Application, Properties, and Fabrication

POLYMERS AND ADDITVES IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS
 
Uniquely catalogs polymers and additives for uses in extreme applications such as in high or low pressure, high or low temperature, deep water and other special applications.
 
The book includes chapters on aqueous environments including polymeric membranes for water purification and wastewater treatment; extreme pressure environments such as oils and lubricants for combustion engines as well as materials used for deep drilling such as surfactants, scale inhibitors, foaming agents, defoamers, propellants, fracturing fluids; extreme temperatures is subdivided in high and low temperature applications including gasketing materials, fuel tank sealants, expulsion bladders, fuel cell materials, and on the other hand, cold weather articles and thermoregulatory textiles; electrical applications include solar cell devices, triboelectric generators, fuel cell applications, electrochromic materials and batteries; medical applications include polymers for contact lenses, materials for tissue engineering, sophisticated drug delivery systems; aerospace applications include outer space applications such as low temperature and pressure, also cosmic rays, outgassing, and atomic erosion, as well as materials for electrostactic dissipative coatings and space suits; a final chapter detailing materials that are used in other extreme environments, such as adhesives, and polymeric concrete materials.
 
Audience
 
Materials and polymer scientists working in manufacturing and plastics, civil and mechanical engineers in various industries such as automotive, aircraft, space, marine and shipping, electronics, construction, electrical, etc. will find this book essential. The book will also serve the needs of engineers and specialists who have only a passing contact with polymers and additives in industrial setting need to know more.

Sommario

Preface xi
 
1 Materials for Extreme Environments 1
 
References 23
 
2 Aqueous Environments 29
 
2.1 Water Purification 29
 
2.1.1 Synthetic Membranes 29
 
2.1.2 Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment 31
 
2.1.3 Removal of Phenolic Compounds 36
 
2.2 Polymer Membranes 36
 
2.2.1 Functional Polymer Membranes 39
 
2.2.2 Membranes with Intrinsic Microporosity 41
 
2.2.3 Transport Mechanisms 44
 
2.2.4 Materials for Membranes 45
 
2.2.5 Robeson Plot 49
 
References 50
 
3 Extreme Pressure Environments 57
 
3.1 Engine Oils 57
 
3.1.1 Block Copolymer Nanoparticles 57
 
3.1.2 Heavy Duty Applications 59
 
3.1.3 Oil Degradation in a Combustion Engine 59
 
3.2 Extreme Pressure Lubricant Additives 60
 
3.2.1 Inorganic Polymers 63
 
3.3 Deep Drilling 66
 
3.3.1 Surfactants 67
 
3.3.2 Scale Inhibitors 68
 
3.3.3 Foaming Agents 69
 
3.3.4 Defoamers 69
 
3.3.5 Crosslinking Agents 70
 
3.3.6 Gel Stabilizers 72
 
3.3.7 Gel Breakers 72
 
3.3.8 Biocides 73
 
3.3.9 Proppants 73
 
3.3.10 Fracturing Fluids 73
 
3.3.11 Thickeners 74
 
3.3.12 Friction Reducers 74
 
3.3.13 Fluid Loss Additives 76
 
3.3.14 Emulsifiers 77
 
3.3.15 Demulsifiers 78
 
3.3.16 Clay Stabilization 78
 
3.3.17 pH Control Additives 79
 
3.4 Automotive Applications 80
 
3.4.1 Airbags 80
 
3.4.2 Silicone Rubber Sponge 103
 
References 107
 
4 Extreme Temperature 117
 
4.1 High-Temperature Environments 117
 
4.1.1 Solvent-Resistant Elastomers 117
 
4.1.2 Processable Silicone Composites 118
 
4.1.3 Polymer-Derived Ceramics 120
 
4.1.4 Membrane Fuel Cells 121
 
4.2 Low-Temperature Environments 124
 
4.2.1 Cold Weather Articles 124
 
4.2.2 Low-Temperature Thermal Insulation Garment 128
 
4.3 Thermoregulatory Textile 132
 
4.3.1 Integrated Garment System 134
 
References 135
 
5 Electrical Applications 137
 
5.1 Ionic Liquids 137
 
5.1.1 Monomers 138
 
5.1.2 Carbon Dioxide Separation 141
 
5.1.3 Polymeric Ionic Liquids 142
 
5.1.4 Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids 146
 
5.1.5 Computer Simulation 147
 
5.2 Solar Cell Devices 148
 
5.2.1 History of Photovoltaics 148
 
5.2.2 High-Performance Organic Photovoltaics 149
 
5.2.3 Naphthodithiophene 153
 
5.2.4 Stability 154
 
5.3 Triboelectric Nanogenerators 159
 
5.3.1 Triboelectric Polymers 161
 
5.3.2 Paper-Based Generator 164
 
5.3.3 Spherical Triboelectric Nanogenerator 165
 
5.4 Fuel Cell Applications 168
 
5.5 Conductive Nanocomposites 170
 
5.6 Electrochromic Materials 170
 
5.7 Batteries 171
 
5.7.1 Cathode Polymers 171
 
5.7.2 Polymeric Electrolytes 175
 
5.7.3 Polymer Interlayers 177
 
5.7.4 Polymer Separators 178
 
5.7.5 Protective Polymers 180
 
References 181
 
6 Medical Applications 197
 
6.1 Contact Lenses 197
 
6.1.1 History of Contact Lenses 197
 
6.1.2 Materials 198
 
6.1.3 Monomers 199
 
6.1.4 Soft Lenses 205
 
6.1.5 Functional Contact Lenses 238
 
6.1.6 Fabrication Methods 258
 
6.2 Tissue Engineering 272
 
6.2.1 Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering 275
 
6.2.2 Coating of an Implantable Device 275
 
6.3 Drug Delivery Systems 276
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Info autore

Johannes Karl Fink is Professor of Macromolecular Chemistry at Montanuniversität Leoben, Austria. His industry and academic career spans more than 30 years in the fields of polymers, and his research interests include characterization, flame retardancy, thermodynamics and the degradation of polymers, pyrolysis, and adhesives. Professor Fink has published many books on physical chemistry and polymer science including A Concise Introduction to Additives for Thermoplastic Polymers (Wiley-Scrivener 2009), The Chemistry of Biobased Polymers, 2nd edition (Wiley-Scrivener 2019), The Chemistry of Environmental Engineering (Wiley-Scrivener 2020), and Plastics Process Analysis, Instrumentation and Control (Wiley-Scrivener 2021).

Riassunto

POLYMERS AND ADDITVES IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS

Uniquely catalogs polymers and additives for uses in extreme applications such as in high or low pressure, high or low temperature, deep water and other special applications.

The book includes chapters on aqueous environments including polymeric membranes for water purification and wastewater treatment; extreme pressure environments such as oils and lubricants for combustion engines as well as materials used for deep drilling such as surfactants, scale inhibitors, foaming agents, defoamers, propellants, fracturing fluids; extreme temperatures is subdivided in high and low temperature applications including gasketing materials, fuel tank sealants, expulsion bladders, fuel cell materials, and on the other hand, cold weather articles and thermoregulatory textiles; electrical applications include solar cell devices, triboelectric generators, fuel cell applications, electrochromic materials and batteries; medical applications include polymers for contact lenses, materials for tissue engineering, sophisticated drug delivery systems; aerospace applications include outer space applications such as low temperature and pressure, also cosmic rays, outgassing, and atomic erosion, as well as materials for electrostactic dissipative coatings and space suits; a final chapter detailing materials that are used in other extreme environments, such as adhesives, and polymeric concrete materials.

Audience

Materials and polymer scientists working in manufacturing and plastics, civil and mechanical engineers in various industries such as automotive, aircraft, space, marine and shipping, electronics, construction, electrical, etc. will find this book essential. The book will also serve the needs of engineers and specialists who have only a passing contact with polymers and additives in industrial setting need to know more.

Dettagli sul prodotto

• Autori: Jk Fink, Johannes Karl Fink, Johannes Karl (Montanuniversit?t Leoben Fink, Johannes Karl (University of Leoben Fink, Fink Johannes Karl
• Editore: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Lingue: Inglese
• Formato: Copertina rigida
• Pubblicazione: 31.10.2021
• EAN: 9781119851370
• ISBN: 978-1-119-85137-0
• Pagine: 528
• Categorie: Scienze naturali, medicina, informatica, tecnica > Chimica; Polymere, Additive, polymer processing, Materialwissenschaften, Materialeigenschaften, Materials science, Polymer Science & Technology, Polymerwissenschaft u. -technologie, Properties of Materials, Polymerverarbeitung, Extreme Umgebung