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Medicinal plants contain a variety of bioactive compounds, (also referred to as phytochemicals). in the leaves, stems, flowers and fruits. This book covers these bioactive compounds, their available sources, how the bioactive molecules are isolated from the plants, the biochemistry, structural composition and potential biological activities. Also discussed are the pharmacological aspects of medicinal plants, phytochemistry and biological activities of different natural products, ethnobotany and medicinal properties, as well as a novel dietary approach for various disease management and therapeutic potential. The importance of phytopharmaceutical of plants and potential applications in the food and pharma industries is highlighted.
Sommario
Preface xvii
1 A Great Challenge on the Reproducibility of Therapeutic Results of Phytopharmaceuticals 1
Idha Kusumawati
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Common Challenges in Phytopharmaceuticals 2
1.2.1 Authentication of Raw Material 3
1.2.2 Variability of Chemical Content in Raw Material 4
1.2.2.1 Intrinsic Factor 5
1.2.2.2 Extrinsic Factor 5
1.2.2.3 Harvesting 6
1.2.2.4 Post-Harvesting Process 7
1.2.2.5 Storage 8
1.2.2.6 Complex Mixture of the Pharmacologically Active Constituent 8
1.3 Strategy to Guarantee the Quality of Phytopharmaceutical 10
1.3.1 Marker Compound Concept 11
1.3.2 Phytoequivalence Concept 13
1.4 Conclusion 15
Acknowledgment 15
References 15
2 Ibero-American Network as a Collaborative Strategy to Provide Tools or the Development of Phytopharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals 19
Pilar Buera, Cecilia Abirached, Liliana Alamilla-Beltrán, Verónica María Busch, Cristina Isabel dos Santos, Abel Farroni, Leonardo Cristian Favre, Aldo Fernández-Varela, Fabiano Freire-Costa, Julieta Gabilondo, Micaela Galante, María Eugenia Hidalgo, Romina Ingrassia, Milagros López Hiriart, Alejandra Medrano, Oscar Micheloni, Miguel Navarro Alarcón, Luis Panizzolo, Silvia del Carmen Pereyra-Castro, Viridiana Pérez-Pérez, Carla Patricia Plazola-Jacinto, Patricia Risso, Paz Robert-Canales, Analía Rodriguez, Silvio David Rodríguez, Erick Rojas-Balcazar, José Angel Rufián Henares and Franco Emanuel Vasile
2.1 Introduction 20
2.2 Some Unexplored Botanicals From Ibero-America as Potential Sources of Bioactive Compounds 21
2.2.1 South America Regions: Tropical Savanna and Atlantic Forest 21
2.2.2 Central South America Semiarid Regions 22
2.2.3 Northern South America, Central America and Caribbean 23
2.2.4 Exploitation of Undervalued Resources From Fabaceae Family to Obtain Hydrocolloids 24
2.2.4.1 Gums From Native Fabaceae Family Seeds 24
2.2.4.2 Gums From Fabaceae Family Exudates 26
2.2.5 Healthy Fatty Acid Sources From Ibero America 27
2.2.6 Bioactives From Agroindustrial Wastes 27
2.2.6.1 Commercial Edible Flowers 27
2.2.6.2 Coffee Grounds as Source of Prebiotics 29
2.2.6.3 Healthy Compounds From Olive Oil Wastes 30
2.3 Technologies for Obtaining Stable Natural Bioactive Extracts 31
2.3.1 Extraction Techniques 31
2.3.2 In Vitro Tests for Assessing Antioxidant and Antiglycant Activities 32
2.3.2.1 Antioxidant Activity 33
2.3.2.2 Antiglycant Agents Detection 36
2.3.3 Biocompounds Conservation and Controlled Delivery Systems 37
2.3.3.1 Spray Drying 38
2.3.3.2 Coacervation 39
2.3.3.3 Management of Protein-Hydrocolloid Interactions for Designing Bioactive Delivery Systems 41
2.4 Multivariate Analysis for Phytopharmaceuticals Development 42
2.5 Conclusions 45
Acknowledgements 46
Abbreviations 46
References 47
3 Use of Hydrodistillation as a Green Technology to Obtain Essential Oils From Several Medicinal Plants Belonging to Lamiaceae (Mint) Family 59
Karamatollah Rezaei, Nahal Bashiri Hashemi and Samar Sahraee
3.1 Introduction 59
3.2 Essential Oils and Applied Extraction Techniques 61
3.3 Use of Hydrodistillation to Bridge the Nature With Novel Green Applications 62
3.4 Specific Gravities of Essential Oils as Related to Their Chemical Compositions 67
3.5 Use of Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation in the Extraction of Essential Oils From Ziziphora (A Case Study) 68
3.5.1 Extraction Y
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Durgesh Nandini Chauhan completed her M.Pharma in pharmaceutics from Uttar Pradesh at the Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow in 2006. She is currently working as assistant professor in Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India. She has written more than 10 articles in national and international journals, 15 book chapters, and edited 4 books including
Natural Oral Care in Dental Therapy (Wiley-Scrivener 2020).
Kamal Shah has more than 14 years of research and teaching experience and currently is an associate professor at the Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India. He has completed B.Pharma from Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal (M.P.) in 2003. He was gold medalist in B.Pharm., M.Pharm. from the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sagar University, Sagar, India and PhD from APJ Kalam University Lucknow, India. He has written more than 30 articles published in national and international journals and 6 book chapters and co-edited
Natural Oral Care in Dental Therapy (Wiley-Scrivener 2020).
Riassunto
Medicinal plants contain a variety of bioactive compounds, (also referred to as phytochemicals). in the leaves, stems, flowers and fruits. This book covers these bioactive compounds, their available sources, how the bioactive molecules are isolated from the plants, the biochemistry, structural composition and potential biological activities. Also discussed are the pharmacological aspects of medicinal plants, phytochemistry and biological activities of different natural products, ethnobotany and medicinal properties, as well as a novel dietary approach for various disease management and therapeutic potential. The importance of phytopharmaceutical of plants and potential applications in the food and pharma industries is highlighted.
