Classify, Exclude, Police - Urban Lives in South Africa and Nigeria

>CLASSIFY, EXCLUDE, POLICE
 
'Laurent Fourchard's deep, first-hand knowledge of the history and contemporary politics of Nigeria and South Africa forms the basis of an insightful and compelling analysis of how states produce invidious distinctions among their people and at the same time how political linkages are forged between state and society, elites and subalterns, bureaucratic structures and personal relations.'
Frederick Cooper, Professor of History, New York University, USA
 
'Violence, control, police and political order are essential dimensions of metropolis. In this exceptional book, Laurent Fourchard compares decentralised exercises of authority in providing vivid analysis of exclusion of youth and migrants, policing and riots, politics of "Big men" and fine-grained blurring between bureaucracy and society. A masterpiece of urban politics.'
Patrick Le Galès, Dean of Urban School, Sciences Po Paris, France
 
'This book is a major contribution to rethinking urban politics from the experiences of African cities. Based on detailed historical analysis of South Africa and Nigeria, Fourchard recalibrates the actors, stakes and terms of urban politics around African-centred concerns.'
Jennifer Robinson, Professor of Geography, University College London, UK
 
The cities of South Africa and Nigeria are reputed to be dangerous, teeming with slums, and dominated by the informal economy but we know little about how people are divided up, categorised and policed. Colonial governments assigned rights and punishments, banned categories considered problematic (delinquents, migrants, single women, street vendors) and give non-state organisations the power to police low-income neighbourhoods. Within this enduring legacy, a tangle of petty arrangements has developed to circumvent exclusion to public places and government offices. In this unpredictable urban reality ??? which has eluded all planning ??? individuals and social groups have changed areas of public action through exclusion, violence and negotiation.
 
In combining historical and ethnographic methods, Classify, Exclude, Police explores the effects and limits of public action, and questions the possibility of comparison between cities often perceived as incommensurable. Focusing on state formation, urbanization, and daily lives, Laurent Fourchard addresses debates and controversies in comparative urban studies, history, political science, and urban anthropology. The book provides a systematic, comparative approach to the practices, processes, arrangements used to create boundaries, direct violence, and produce social, racial, gender, and`generational differences.

Sommario

Series Editors' Preface viii
 
Acknowledgements ix
 
Classify, Exclude, Police 1
 
Part I Governing Colonial Urban Space 21
 
1 Classifying and Excluding Migrants 25
 
Race and Urban Space 28
 
Differentiating Urbans from Migrants in South Africa 33
 
Stabilisation Policies and Urban Residential Rights 34
 
Reinterpreting the Riots in Sharpeville and Langa 38
 
Differentiating Natives from Non-Natives in Nigeria 45
 
The Birth of Territorial Enclaves: Non-Native Neighbourhoods 46
 
Regionalism and Decolonisation 49
 
The Kano Riots 52
 
Conclusion 54
 
Notes 58
 
2 The Making of a Delinquent 63
 
Rise of Urban Poverty and Delinquency Issues 66
 
Between Psychometric Expertise and Penal Reform in South Africa 68
 
The Empire's First Social Services in Lagos 71
 
Race, Gender and Welfare 73
 
From Preference to Racial Differentiation in South Africa 74
 
Juvenile Prostitution and the Construction of a Moral Space in Nigeria 77
 
A Coercive Incomplete Welfare State 81
 
From Financial Indigence to Flogging in Urban Nigeria 83
 
Violent Socialisation of Urban Youth in South African Institutions 85
 
Conclusion 88
 
Notes 90
 
Part II Policing the Neighbourhood 95
 
3 Vigilantism and Violence Under Colonialism and Apartheid 103
 
Policing in a Colonial Situation: Historiographical Detours 104
 
Violence and Vigilantism in South African Townships 107
 
Violence and the Making of Township Communities in the Cape Flats 111
 
Violence and Vigilantism in South-West Nigeria 117
 
Honour and Violence in the Centre of Ibadan 120
 
Conclusion 123
 
Notes 125
 
4 Commodification, Politicisation and Uneven Pacification of Contemporary Vigilantism 129
 
State Regulation and Commodification in Nigeria 133
 
Commodifying Protection and Regulating Vigilante Violence in Ibadan 135
 
Return to Democracy and Uneven Pacification of Vigilantism 139
 
Politicisation, Bureaucratisation and Feminisation of Vigilantism in the Cape Flats 142
 
Politicisation of Security Initiatives 145
 
Limited Pacification and Bureaucratisation of Vigilantism 147
 
Feminisation of Vigilantism 153
 
Conclusion 157
 
Notes 159
 
Part III Politics of the Street, Politics in the Office 165
 
5 Patronage, Taxation and the Politicisation of Urban Space 171
 
Patronage and Urban Projects 174
 
The Amala Politics in Ibadan 176
 
The Metropolitan Project in Lagos 180
 
Revenues, Violence and Politicisation in Motor Parks 184
 
Extorting Money or Levying Taxes? 186
 
Governing Transport Between Patronage and Bureaucracy 190
 
Violence, Loyalty and Politicisation in Motor Parks 194
 
Conclusion 198
 
Notes 200
 
6 Bureaucrats, Indigenes and a New Urban Politics of Exclusion 203
 
Institutionalising Exclusion, Manufacturing New Urban Belonging 207
 
Producing Certificates, Identifying Urban Ancestry 215
 
Indigeneity, Segregation and Patronage 223
 
Conclusion 229
 
Notes 230
 
Conclusion: The Urban Legacy of Exclusion, Policing and Violence 233
 
References 243
 
Appendix 1: Dictionary 273
 
Index 279

Info autore

Laurent Fourchard is Research Professor at the Centre for International Studies (CERI) and at the Urban School of Sciences Po, Paris, France. His research is located at the intersection of comparative urban studies, African history, and African politics. He combines historical and ethnographic methods and privileges a comparative analysis through a description of everyday practices in Nigerian and South African cities. His interests focus on security practices, apparatus of exclusion, colonial and postcolonial governments and negotiation and conflicts in urban public places.

Riassunto

>CLASSIFY, EXCLUDE, POLICE

'Laurent Fourchard's deep, first-hand knowledge of the history and contemporary politics of Nigeria and South Africa forms the basis of an insightful and compelling analysis of how states produce invidious distinctions among their people and at the same time how political linkages are forged between state and society, elites and subalterns, bureaucratic structures and personal relations.'
Frederick Cooper, Professor of History, New York University, USA

'Violence, control, police and political order are essential dimensions of metropolis. In this exceptional book, Laurent Fourchard compares decentralised exercises of authority in providing vivid analysis of exclusion of youth and migrants, policing and riots, politics of "Big men" and fine-grained blurring between bureaucracy and society. A masterpiece of urban politics.'
Patrick Le Galès, Dean of Urban School, Sciences Po Paris, France

'This book is a major contribution to rethinking urban politics from the experiences of African cities. Based on detailed historical analysis of South Africa and Nigeria, Fourchard recalibrates the actors, stakes and terms of urban politics around African-centred concerns.'
Jennifer Robinson, Professor of Geography, University College London, UK

The cities of South Africa and Nigeria are reputed to be dangerous, teeming with slums, and dominated by the informal economy but we know little about how people are divided up, categorised and policed. Colonial governments assigned rights and punishments, banned categories considered problematic (delinquents, migrants, single women, street vendors) and give non-state organisations the power to police low-income neighbourhoods. Within this enduring legacy, a tangle of petty arrangements has developed to circumvent exclusion to public places and government offices. In this unpredictable urban reality ??? which has eluded all planning ??? individuals and social groups have changed areas of public action through exclusion, violence and negotiation.

In combining historical and ethnographic methods, Classify, Exclude, Police explores the effects and limits of public action, and questions the possibility of comparison between cities often perceived as incommensurable. Focusing on state formation, urbanization, and daily lives, Laurent Fourchard addresses debates and controversies in comparative urban studies, history, political science, and urban anthropology. The book provides a systematic, comparative approach to the practices, processes, arrangements used to create boundaries, direct violence, and produce social, racial, gender, and`generational differences.

Relazione

'Laurent Fourchard's deep, first-hand knowledge of the history and contemporary politics of Nigeria and South Africa forms the basis of an insightful and compelling analysis of how states produce invidious distinctions among their people and at the same time how political linkages are forged between state and society, elites and subalterns, bureaucratic structures and personal relations.'
Frederick Cooper, Professor of History, New York University, USA
 
'Violence, control, police and political order are essential dimensions of metropolis. In this exceptional book, Laurent Fourchard compares decentralised exercises of authority in providing vivid analysis of exclusion of youth and migrants, policing and riots, politics of "Big men" and fine-grained blurring between bureaucracy and society. A masterpiece of urban politics.'
Patrick Le Galès, Dean of Urban School, Sciences Po Paris, France
 
'This book is a major contribution to rethinking urban politics from the experiences of African cities. Based on detailed historical analysis of South Africa and Nigeria, Fourchard recalibrates the actors, stakes and terms of urban politics around African-centred concerns.'
Jennifer Robinson, Professor of Geography, University College London, UK

Dettagli sul prodotto

• Autori: L Fourchard, Laurent Fourchard, Fourchard Laurent
• Editore: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Lingue: Inglese
• Formato: Tascabile
• Pubblicazione: 31.12.2020
• EAN: 9781119582649
• ISBN: 978-1-119-58264-9
• Pagine: 304
• Serie: Studies in Urban and Social Change; IJURR Studies in Urban and Social Change Book Series
• Categorie: Scienze naturali, medicina, informatica, tecnica > Geoscienze > Geografia; Scienze sociali, diritto, economia > Sociologia > Teorie sociologiche; Soziologie, Politikwissenschaft, Südafrika (Republik), Nigeria, Geographie, Sociology, Geography, Stadtsoziologie, Stadtpolitik, Political Science, Stadtgeographie, Urban Sociology, Urban Politics, Urban geography