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Offers a comprehensive guide to the isolation, properties and applications of chitin and chitosan
Chitin and Chitosan: Properties and Applications presents a comprehensive review of the isolation, properties and applications of chitin and chitosan. These promising biomaterials have the potential to be broadly applied and there is a growing market for these biopolymers in areas such as medical and pharmaceutical, packaging, agricultural, textile, cosmetics, nanoparticles and more.
The authors - noted experts in the field - explore the isolation, characterization and the physical and chemical properties of chitin and chitosan. They also examine their properties such as hydrogels, immunomodulation and biotechnology, antimicrobial activity and chemical enzymatic modifications. The book offers an analysis of the myriad medical and pharmaceutical applications as well as a review of applications in other areas. In addition, the authors discuss regulations, markets and perspectives for the use of chitin and chitosan. This important book:
* Offers a thorough review of the isolation, properties and applications of chitin and chitosan.
* Contains information on the wide-ranging applications and growing market demand for chitin and chitosan
* Includes a discussion of current regulations and the outlook for the future
Written for Researchers in academia and industry who are working in the fields of chitin and chitosan, Chitin and Chitosan: Properties and Applications offers a review of these promising biomaterials that have great potential due to their material properties and biological functionalities.
Sommario
List of Contributors xvii
Series Preface xxi
Preface xxiii
1 Sources of Chitin and Chitosan and their Isolation 1
Leen Bastiaens, Lise Soetemans, Els D'Hondt, and Kathy Elst
1.1 Chitin and Chitosan 2
1.1.1 Chemical Structure 2
1.1.2 Different Crystalline Forms of Chitin 2
1.2 Sources of Chitin and Chitosan 5
1.2.1 Sources of Chitin 5
1.2.2 Sources for Chitosan 10
1.3 Isolation of Chitin 11
1.3.1 Technology Principles 11
1.3.2 Isolation of Chitin from Crustaceans 13
1.3.3 Isolation of Chitin from Insects 16
1.3.4 Isolation of Chitin from Other Biomass Types 16
1.4 Production of Chitosan 19
1.4.1 Conversion of Chitin to Chitosan 19
1.4.2 Chitosan Extracted from Fungi 24
1.5 Towards Commercial Applications 25
1.6 Outlook 28
References 28
2 Methods of Isolating Chitin from Sponges (Porifera) 35
Sonia {óBtowska, Christine Klinger, Iaroslav Petrenko, Marcin Wysokowski, Yvonne Joseph, Teofil Jesionowski, and Hermann Ehrlich
2.1 Introduction 35
2.2 Brief Overview of Classical Methods of Isolating Chitin from Invertebrates 38
2.3 The Modern Approach to Chitin Isolation from Sponges 40
2.3.1 Methods of Isolating Chitin from Glass Sponges (Hexactinellida) 41
2.3.2 Methods of Isolating Chitin from Demosponges (Demospongiae) 43
2.4 Prospective Applications of Poriferan Chitin 49
2.4.1 Poriferan Chitin and Modern Bioinspired Materials Science 49
2.4.2 Chitinous 3D Scaffolds of Sponge Origin for Tissue Engineering 51
2.5 Outlook 54
Acknowledgment 54
References 54
3 Physicochemical Properties of Chitosan and its Degradation Products 61
Karolina Gzyra-JagieBa, Bo|enna P'czek, Maria Wi[niewska-Wrona, and Natalia Gutowska
3.1 Physicochemical Properties of Chitosan 62
3.1.1 Determination of Molar Mass 62
3.1.2 Determination of the Deacetylation Degree 67
3.1.3 Determination of Dynamic Viscosity 70
3.1.4 Determination of Nitrogen 70
3.1.5 Determination of Ash Content 71
3.1.6 Determination of Heavy Metal Content 71
3.1.7 Determination of Water Retention Value (WRV) 72
3.1.8 Determination of Solubility in Hydrochloric Acid 72
3.1.9 Determination of Water Content 72
3.1.10 Determination of Protein Content 73
3.1.11 Quantitative Determination of Chitosan by Ninhydrin 73
3.2 Products of Degradation and their Application 74
3.3 Outlook 77
References 77
4 New Developments in the Analysis of Partially Acetylated Chitosan Polymers and Oligomers 81
Stefan Cord-Landwehr, Anna Niehues, Jasper Wattjes, and Bruno M. Moerschbacher
4.1 Introduction 82
4.2 Chitosan Oligomers 83
4.2.1 Degree of Polymerisation (DP), Fraction and Pattern of Acetylation (FA and PA) 83
4.3 Chitosan Polymers 86
4.3.1 Molecular Weight (MW) / Degree of Polymerisation (DP) and its Dispersity (?MW / ?DP) 86
4.3.2 Fraction of Acetylation (FA) and its Dispersity (?FA) 87
4.3.3 Pattern of Acetylation (PA) 89
4.4 Outlook 91
References 92
5 Chitosan-Based Hydrogels 97
Zhengke Wang, Ling Yang, and Wen Fang
5.1 Introduction 97
5.2 Chitosan-Based Multilayered Hydrogels 98
5.2.1 Periodic Precipitation 99
5.2.2 Alternating Process 100
5.2.3 Induced by Electrical Signals 100
5.2.4 Layer-by-Layer (LbL) Assembly 101
5.2.5 Sequential Curing 101
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Edited by
Lambertus A.M. van den Broek, Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, The Netherlands Carmen G. Boeriu, Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, The Netherlands Series Editor
Christian V. Stevens, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium
Riassunto
Offers a comprehensive guide to the isolation, properties and applications of chitin and chitosan
Chitin and Chitosan: Properties and Applications presents a comprehensive review of the isolation, properties and applications of chitin and chitosan. These promising biomaterials have the potential to be broadly applied and there is a growing market for these biopolymers in areas such as medical and pharmaceutical, packaging, agricultural, textile, cosmetics, nanoparticles and more.
The authors - noted experts in the field - explore the isolation, characterization and the physical and chemical properties of chitin and chitosan. They also examine their properties such as hydrogels, immunomodulation and biotechnology, antimicrobial activity and chemical enzymatic modifications. The book offers an analysis of the myriad medical and pharmaceutical applications as well as a review of applications in other areas. In addition, the authors discuss regulations, markets and perspectives for the use of chitin and chitosan. This important book:
* Offers a thorough review of the isolation, properties and applications of chitin and chitosan.
* Contains information on the wide-ranging applications and growing market demand for chitin and chitosan
* Includes a discussion of current regulations and the outlook for the future
Written for Researchers in academia and industry who are working in the fields of chitin and chitosan, Chitin and Chitosan: Properties and Applications offers a review of these promising biomaterials that have great potential due to their material properties and biological functionalities.
