Ulteriori informazioni
Conditional reasoning is reasoning that involves statements of the sort
If A (Antecedent)
then C (Consequent). This type of reasoning is ubiquitous; everyone engages in it. Indeed, the ability to do so may be considered a defining human characteristic. Without this ability, human cognition would be greatly impoverished. "What-if" thinking could not occur. There would be no retrospective efforts to understand history by imagining how it could have taken a different course. Decisions that take possible contingencies into account could not be made; there could be no attempts to influence the future by selecting actions on the basis of their expected effects.
Despite the commonness and importance of conditional reasoning and the considerable attention it has received from scholars, it remains the subject of much continuing debate. Unsettled questions, both normative and empirical, continue to be asked. What constitutes normative conditional reasoning? How do people engage in it? Does what people do match what would be expected of a rational agent with the abilities and limitations of human beings? If not, how does it deviate and how might people's ability to engage in it be improved?
This book reviews the work of prominent psychologists and philosophers on conditional reasoning. It describes empirical research on how people deal with conditional arguments and on how conditional statements are used and interpreted in everyday communication. It examines philosophical and theoretical treatments of the mental processes that support conditional reasoning. Its extensive coverage of the subject makes it an ideal resource for students, teachers, and researchers with a focus on cognition across disciplines.
Sommario
- Preface
- 1. Getting Started
- 2. Conditionals
- 3. Experimental Approaches to the Study of Conditional Reasoning
- 4. Logic and Conditional Reasoning
- 5. Syntactics, Semantics, and Pragmatics in Conditional Reasoning
- 6. Rule Checking
- 7. Counterfactual Thinking
- 8. Counterfactual Thinking 2
- 9. Conditional Reasoning as Probabilistic Reasoning
- 10. The Probability of the Conditional and the Conditional Probability
- 11. Individual Differences
- 12. Theoretical Accounts of Conditional Reasoning
- 13. More Theoretical Accounts
- 14. Final Comments
- References
- Index
Info autore
Raymond S. Nickerson is Research Professor of Psychology at Tufts University.
Riassunto
This book reviews the work of prominent psychologists and philosophers on conditional reasoning. It provides empirical research on how people deal with conditional arguments and examines how conditional statements are used and interpreted in everyday communication.
Testo aggiuntivo
Ray Nickerson is known for being attracted to difficult intellectual puzzles-and also for dropping them in the laps of his friends, to their confusion and delight. In this book, he addresses the shortest word able to induce the longest and often most difficult of puzzles: namely, if. As always, Ray's work is stimulating, powerful, and a joy to read. To follow him is rather like being Dante guided by Virgil, though it is hard at times to decide whether we are traveling through the 'Inferno' or 'Paradiso.' And that is perhaps the great gift of this book."
-Neville Moray, Professor Emeritus of Applied Cognitive Psychology, University of Surrey
