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This book is intended to be used as a textbook and research reference for the field of nuclear nonproliferation. The book is primarily technical and focussed on methods of detecting clandestine nuclear material that might be illicitly transported. The book also touches on nuclear forensics, i.e. methods for identification, attribution, and establishment of transport pathways for illicit nuclear material. Also covered are topics of methods used for arms control and treaty verification, and an assessment of technologies under development for all of the above. A description of the government and international agencies involved in nuclear terrorism prevention, nuclear safeguards, and arms control is also included.
Sommario
Introduction.- Nuclear Proliferation.- The Threat of Nuclear Terrorism.- Interdiction of Nuclear Material.- 2. Nuclear Explosives.- History.- Device Physics.- Special Nuclear Material.- 3. Signatures and Background.- Simplified Transport Calculations.- The Radiation Background.- Problems.- 4. Detection Statistics.- Classical and Bayesian Statistics.- Counting Statistics.- Confusion Matrices.- Receiver Operating Characteristics.- Application of Bayesian Statistical Methods.- Pulse Shape Discrimination as an Example of Binary Classification.- Problems.- 5. The Nuclear Fuel Cycle.- Mining and Chemical Processing of Uranium.- UF6 Conversion and Enrichment.- Post-Reactor.- Conversion of Military Materials.- Waste Management.- Enrichment Technologies.- Reactors and Proliferation.- Problems.- 6. Nuclear Forensics.- Introduction.- Attribution Methods.- Analysis Tools.- Problems.- 7. Nuclear Testing.- Introduction and History.- The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty and the International Monitoring System.- Radionuclide Monitoring.- Seismic Signals.- Hydroacoustic Monitoring.- Infrasonic Signatures.- Concluding Remarks.- Problems.- 8. Active Interrogation.- Introduction.- Neutron Active Interrogation.- Photofission.- Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence.- Dose Considerations.- 9. Advanced Detection Technologies.- Introduction.- Advanced Scintillator Materials.- Advanced Semiconductor Detectors.- Alternatives to 3HE.- Imaging Detectors.- Concluding Remarks.- Problems.- 10.- Arms Control and Treaty Verification.- Introduction.- Neutron Multiplicity Counting.- Pu300, Pu600, and Pu900 Methods.- Neutron Imaging.- Neutrino Methods.- Concluding Remarks.- Problems.- 11. Public Policy and Proliferation.- Introduction.- The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).- Nuclear Nonproliferation Activities within the US Government.- Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs).- A The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.- The Atomic Energy Act.- The Area under the ROC Curve for Gaussian Probability Distributions.- Index.
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Riassunto
This book is intended to be used as a textbook and research reference for the field of nuclear nonproliferation. The book is primarily technical and focussed on methods of detecting clandestine nuclear material that might be illicitly transported. The book also touches on nuclear forensics, i.e. methods for identification, attribution, and establishment of transport pathways for illicit nuclear material. Also covered are topics of methods used for arms control and treaty verification, and an assessment of technologies under development for all of the above. A description of the government and international agencies involved in nuclear terrorism prevention, nuclear safeguards, and arms control is also included.
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