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Beginning with a general overview of nanocomposites, Bionanocomposites: Integrating Biological Processes for Bio-inspired Nanotechnologies details the systems available in nature (nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids) that can be integrated within suitable inorganic matrices for specific applications. Describing the relationship between architecture, hierarchy and function, this book aims at pointing out how bio-systems can be key components of nanocomposites. The text then reviews the design principles, structures, functions and applications of bionanocomposites. It also includes a section presenting related technical methods to help readers identify and understand the most widely used analytical tools such as mass spectrometry, calorimetry, and impedance spectroscopy, among others.
Sommario
List of Contributors xv
1 What Are Bionanocomposites? 1
Agathe Urvoas, Marie Valerio-Lepiniec, Philippe Minard and Cordt Zollfrank
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 A Molecular Perspective: Why Biological Macromolecules? 3
1.3 Challenges for Bionanocomposites 3
References 6
2 Molecular Architecture of Living Matter 9
2.1 Nucleic Acids 11
Enora Prado, Mónika Ádok-Sipiczki and Corinne Nardin
2.1.1 Introduction: A Bit of History 11
2.1.2 Definition and Structure 12
2.1.2.1 Nomenclature 12
2.1.2.2 Structure 13
2.1.3 DNA and RNA Functions 15
2.1.3.1 Introduction 15
2.1.3.2 Transcription-Translation Process 16
2.1.3.3 Replication Process 18
2.1.4 Specific Secondary Structures 19
2.1.4.1 Watson-Crick H-Bonds 19
2.1.4.1.1 Stem-Loop 19
2.1.4.1.2 Kissing Complex 20
2.1.4.2 Other Kinds of H-Bonding 21
2.1.4.2.1 G-Quartets 21
2.1.4.2.2 i-Motifs 23
2.1.5 Stability 23
2.1.6 Conclusion 25
References 25
2.2 Lipids 29
Carole Aimé and Thibaud Coradin
2.2.1 Lipids Self-Assembly 29
2.2.2 Structural Diversity of Lipids 30
2.2.2.1 Fatty Acyls (FA) 30
2.2.2.2 Glycerolipids (GL) 32
2.2.2.3 Glycerophospholipids (GP) 32
2.2.2.4 Sphingolipids (SP) 33
2.2.2.5 Sterol Lipids (ST) 34
2.2.2.6 Prenol Lipids (PR) 34
2.2.2.7 Saccharolipids (SL) 35
2.2.2.8 Polyketides (PK) 35
2.2.3 Lipid Synthesis and Distribution 35
2.2.4 The Diversity of Lipid Functions 36
2.2.4.1 Cellular Architecture 37
2.2.4.2 Lipid Rafts 37
2.2.4.3 Energy Storage 37
2.2.4.4 Regulating Membrane Proteins by Protein-Lipid Interactions 39
2.2.4.5 Signaling Functions 39
2.2.5 Lipidomics 39
References 40
2.3 Carbohydrates 41
Mirjam Czjzek
2.3.1 Introduction 41
2.3.2 Monosaccharides 42
2.3.3 Oligosaccharides 44
2.3.3.1 Disaccharides 44
2.3.3.2 Protein Glycosylations 46
2.3.4 Polysaccharides 47
2.3.4.1 Cellulose 49
2.3.4.2 Hemicelluloses 50
2.3.4.2.1 Xyloglucan 50
2.3.4.2.2 Xylan 50
2.3.4.2.3 Mannan or Glucomannan 52
2.3.4.2.4 Mixed-Linkage Glucan (MLG) 52
2.3.4.3 Pectins 53
2.3.4.4 Chitin 54
2.3.4.5 Alginate 54
2.3.4.6 Marine Galactans 55
2.3.4.7 Storage Polysaccharides: Starch, Glycogen, and Laminarin 55
References 56
2.4 Proteins: From Chemical Properties to Cellular Function: A Practical Review of Actin Dynamics 59
Stéphane Romero and François-Xavier Campbell-Valois
2.4.1 Introduction 59
2.4.2 Molecular Architecture of Proteins 59
2.4.2.1 Amino Acids 60
2.4.2.2 Peptide Bond 60
2.4.2.3 Primary Structure 64
2.4.3 Protein Folding 66
2.4.3.1 Peptide and Protein: Secondary Structure 66
2.4.3.2 3D Folding: Tertiary Structure 67
2.4.3.3 Quaternary Structure 68
2.4.3.4 Protein Folding and De Novo Design 70
2.4.4 Interacting Proteins for Cellular Functions 73
2.4.4.1 Protein Interactions 73
2.4.4.2 Enzymatic Activity of Proteins 75
2.4.4.3 Molecular Motors 77
2.4.5 Self- Assembly and Auto-Organization: Regulation of the Actin Cytoskeleton Assembly 78
2.4.5.1 Origin of the Actin Treadmilling 79
2.4.5.2 Regulation of Actin Treadmilling 83
2.4
Info autore
CAROLE AIMÉ is a CNRS researcher working in Thibaud Coradin's group in the Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris. After she received a Ph.D. working on self-assembling amphiphilic systems in Reiko Oda's group in Bordeaux University-France, she joined Pr. Nobuo Kimizuka's group in Kyushu University-Japan, where she designed functional coordination nanoparticles from nucleotides and lanthanide ions. She is now developing bio-inspired systems made up of inorganic nanoparticles and biopolymers.
THIBAUD CORADIN has been Directeur de Recherche at the CNRS since 2007. He is currently leading the Materials and Biology group in the Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (UPMC-Paris 06). His research topics include biomineralization, bionanocomposites, biomaterials, bioencapsulation and green materials chemistry. He has co-authored over 170 publications and 17 book chapters and he is a member of the Advisory Editorial Board of
Scientific Reports,
Current Medicinal Chemistry and
Silicon.
Riassunto
Beginning with a general overview of nanocomposites, Bionanocomposites: Integrating Biological Processes for Bio-inspired Nanotechnologies details the systems available in nature (nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids) that can be integrated within suitable inorganic matrices for specific applications.
