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The aim of this book is to enable network planners to realize and maintain cost efficient LTE backhaul networks, which meet the necessary performance requirements. Through an introduction to the technology background, the economical modelling, the dimensioning theory, planning and optimization processes and relevant network management aspects, the reader shall obtain all relevant information to achieve good backhaul results in their own network environment. It is aimed at network planners and other experts with responsibilities for LTE IP network dimensioning, LTE network planning, providing and managing leased lines, business management, LTE IP network operation and optimization.
Sommario
List of Contributors xi
Foreword xiii
Acknowledgments xv
List of Abbreviations xvii
1 Introduction 1
Esa Markus Metsälä and Juha T.T. Salmelin
1.1 To the reader 1
1.2 Content 2
1.3 Scope 2
Reference 2
2 LTE Backhaul 3
Gerald Bedürftig, Jouko Kapanen, Esa Markus Metsälä and Juha T.T. Salmelin
2.1 Introduction 3
2.2 LTE Backhaul Planes 5
2.2.1 3GPP Planes and Protocol Stacks 5
2.2.2 Synchronization Plane 7
2.2.3 Management Plane 9
2.2.4 Active Monitoring Plane 9
2.2.5 Security Control Plane 10
2.2.6 Control and User Plane of Additional Proprietary Applications 10
2.3 Radio Features of LTE and LTE-A 11
2.3.1 LTE 11
2.3.2 LTE-A 12
2.4 R equirements for LTE Backhaul (SLAs) 17
2.4.1 Capacity 17
2.4.2 Latency and Loss 18
2.4.3 QoS Capabilities 21
2.4.4 Synchronization 21
2.4.5 Availability 22
2.4.6 Security 22
2.4.7 Examples 23
2.5 Transport Services 26
2.6 Planning Problems 27
2.7 LTE Backhaul Technologies 29
2.7.1 Access 30
2.7.2 Aggregation and Backbone Network 34
2.8 Small Cell Backhaul 34
2.9 Future Radio Features Affecting Backhaul 35
2.9.1 Inter NodeB CoMP (eCoMP) 35
2.9.2 Dual Connectivity 36
2.9.3 Dynamic eICIC 38
2.10 R elated Standards and Industry Forums 39
2.10.1 3GPP 39
2.10.2 ITU-T SG15 40
2.10.3 IEEE 802 40
2.10.4 IETF 40
2.10.5 MEF 40
2.10.6 NGMN 41
2.10.7 BBF 41
2.10.8 SCF 41
2.11 Operator Example 42
References 42
3 Economic Modeling and Strategic Input for Lte Backhaul 45
Gabriel Waller and Esa Markus Metsälä
3.1 Introduction 45
3.1.1 Role of Backhaul Within Lte 46
3.1.2 Why and What to Model 48
3.2 Strategic Input for Planning 49
3.2.1 Physical infrastructure 49
3.2.2 Transmission media 50
3.2.3 Capacity and interfaces 50
3.2.4 Network technologies 51
3.2.5 Network topology 51
3.2.6 Make or buy 51
3.2.7 Backhaul security aspects 52
3.3 Quantifying benefits 53
3.3.1 Revenue from LTE backhaul 53
3.3.2 Contribution to mobile service revenue 54
3.3.3 Cost savings 54
3.4 Quantifying costs 55
3.4.1 Equipment purchases 55
3.4.2 Economic lifetime 55
3.4.3 Operational costs 56
3.4.4 Other costs 57
3.5 Case router 58
3.5.1 Cash Flow 58
3.5.2 Payback Period 59
3.5.3 Net Present Value (NPV) 61
3.5.4 Selection of the Interest Rate 63
3.5.5 Internal Rate of Return 64
3.5.6 Return on Investment and Further Metrics 64
3.6 Wireless Backhaul Case Study 66
3.6.1 Case Definition 66
3.6.2 Payback Period 68
3.6.3 NPV 69
References 70
Further Reading 71
4 Dimensioning Aspects and Analytical Models of LTE MBH Networks 73
Csaba Vulkán and Juha T.T. Salmelin
4.1 Introduction 73
4.2 Dimensioning Paradigm 76
4.3 Applications and QoE: Considerations 78
4.3.1 Transmission Control Protocol 79
4.3.2 Web Browsing 83
4.3.3 Video Download 85
4.4 Dimensioning Requirements 87
4.5 Traffic Models 88
4.5.1 Peak Load or Busy Hour Load 92
4.5.2
Info autore
Esa Metsala, Principal, Network and Transport, Nokia Networks, Finland. Esa has held different positions in Nokia, Nokia Siemens Networks and Nokia Solutions and Networks since 1990, in R&D, System and Business Management, Product Management, and Solution Management. He is currently leader of Radio Access Network system specification team for transport, and leader of a Feature screening team in Transport product management, and has been responsible for mobile backhaul system level specifications / requirements for over 10 yrs. He gives regular conference presentations on mobile transport, solution descriptions, customer presentations and has MSc Helsinki University of Technology, 1990 (Electrical Engineering, Telecommunications), MSc Helsinki School of Economics, 2008 (Business Law). Esa is Co-editor of Wiley title "Mobile Backhaul", 2012, with Juha Salmelin.
Juha Salmelin, Manager, Mobile Transport, Nokia Networks, Finland. Juha began work at Nokia in 1988 and he has held a range of posts in R&D at Nokia, Nokia Siemens Networks and Nokia Solutions and Networks. He began as Asic designer of Microwave radios and continued with managing many different projects in transport product R&D. He has been team leader, department manager and Head of Technology roles in mobile backhaul products R&D including mobile backhaul e2e-solutions. He currently manages mobile backhaul in NSN Research. He has an MSc (Electrical Engineering) Helsinki University of Technology, 1988. He is Co-editor of Wiley title "Mobile Backhaul", 2012,with Esa Metsälä.
Riassunto
The aim of this book is to enable network planners to realize and maintain cost efficient LTE backhaul networks, which meet the necessary performance requirements.
