ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY AND TOXICO

Informationen zum Autor Guangliang Liu , PhD, is Research Scientist in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, where he manages the Mercury Laboratory. Yong Cai , PhD, is Professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University. He has been working on environmental chemistry and the geochemistry of mercury for almost twenty years. Nelson O'Driscoll , PhD, is Canada Research Chair in Environmental Biogeochemistry and Associate Professor in the Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Acadia University. Klappentext The book that looks at mercury's impact on the planet todayRecent research by the EPA has concluded that one in six women of childbearing age have unsafe levels of mercury in their bodies, which puts 630,000 newborn babies each year at risk of neurological impairment. Mercury poses severe risks to the health of animals and ecosystems around the world, and this book provides the essential information that anyone interested in environmental sciences should know about the fundamentals of the entire mercury cycle.Comprised of four parts that present an overview of mercury in the environment, mercury transformations, transport, and bioaccumulation and toxicology, each chapter of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology of Mercury includes the basic concepts of the targeted subject, a critical review of that subject, and the future research needs.This book explains the environmental behavior and toxicological effects of mercury on humans and other organisms, and provides a baseline for what is known and what uncertainties remain in respect to mercury cycling. The chapters focus on the fundamental science underlying the environmental chemistry and fate of mercury. This work will be invaluable to a wide range of policy experts, environmental scientists, and other people requiring a comprehensive source for the state of the science in this field. Zusammenfassung This book provides the fundamentals, recent developments, and future research needs for critical mercury transformation and transport processes, as well as the experimental methods that have been employed in recent studies. Inhaltsverzeichnis PREFACE xiii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xv CONTRIBUTORS xvii 1 OVERVIEW OF MERCURY IN THE ENVIRONMENT 1 Guangliang Liu, Yong Cai, Nelson O'Driscoll, Xinbin Feng, and Guibin Jiang 1.1 Introduction / 1 1.2 Toxicity and Health Risks of Mercury Exposure / 2 1.3 Sources of Mercury / 2 1.4 Overview of Mercury Biogeochemical Cycling / 7 1.5 Structure of the Book / 8 1.6 Concluding Remarks / 9 References / 9 PART I ANALYTICAL DEVELOPMENTS 13 2 ADVANCES IN SPECIATION ANALYSIS OF MERCURY IN THE ENVIRONMENT 15 Yanbin Li, Yongguang Yin, Guangliang Liu, and Yong Cai 2.1 Introduction / 15 2.2 Sample Preparation for Hg Speciation in Environmental Samples / 16 2.3 Application of GC Technique in Hg Speciation Analysis / 32 2.4 Application of HPLC Technique in Hg Speciation Analysis / 36 2.5 Application of Capillary Electrophoresis Techniques in Hg Speciation Analysis / 39 2.6 Application of X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy in Probing Chemical Microenvironment of Hg / 40 2.7 Application of Stable Isotope Dilution Technique in Mercury Speciation Analysis / 41 2.8 Summary / 43 References / 44 3 MEASURING GAS PHASE MERCURY EMISSIONS FROM INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS 59 Samuel J. Ippolito, Ylias M. Sabri, and Suresh K. Bhargava 3.1 Introduction / 59 3.2 Standardized Methods for Measuring Mercury / 72 3.3 Mercury Continuous Emission Monitors (CEMs) / 81 3.4 Future Outlook / 95 References / 96 PART II SPECIATION AND TRANSFORMATION 111 4 ATMOSPHERIC C...

Sommario

PREFACE xiii
 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xv
 
CONTRIBUTORS xvii
 
1 OVERVIEW OF MERCURY IN THE ENVIRONMENT 1
Guangliang Liu, Yong Cai, Nelson O'Driscoll, Xinbin Feng, and Guibin Jiang
 
1.1 Introduction / 1
 
1.2 Toxicity and Health Risks of Mercury Exposure / 2
 
1.3 Sources of Mercury / 2
 
1.4 Overview of Mercury Biogeochemical Cycling / 7
 
1.5 Structure of the Book / 8
 
1.6 Concluding Remarks / 9
 
References / 9
 
PART I ANALYTICAL DEVELOPMENTS 13
 
2 ADVANCES IN SPECIATION ANALYSIS OF MERCURY IN THE ENVIRONMENT 15
Yanbin Li, Yongguang Yin, Guangliang Liu, and Yong Cai
 
2.1 Introduction / 15
 
2.2 Sample Preparation for Hg Speciation in Environmental Samples / 16
 
2.3 Application of GC Technique in Hg Speciation Analysis / 32
 
2.4 Application of HPLC Technique in Hg Speciation Analysis / 36
 
2.5 Application of Capillary Electrophoresis Techniques in Hg Speciation Analysis / 39
 
2.6 Application of X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy in Probing Chemical Microenvironment of Hg / 40
 
2.7 Application of Stable Isotope Dilution Technique in Mercury Speciation Analysis / 41
 
2.8 Summary / 43
 
References / 44
 
3 MEASURING GAS PHASE MERCURY EMISSIONS FROM INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS 59
Samuel J. Ippolito, Ylias M. Sabri, and Suresh K. Bhargava
 
3.1 Introduction / 59
 
3.2 Standardized Methods for Measuring Mercury / 72
 
3.3 Mercury Continuous Emission Monitors (CEMs) / 81
 
3.4 Future Outlook / 95
 
References / 96
 
PART II SPECIATION AND TRANSFORMATION 111
 
4 ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY OF MERCURY 113
Che-Jen Lin, Pattaraporn Singhasuk, and Simo O. Pehkonen
 
4.1 Introduction / 113
 
4.2 The Overall Picture / 114
 
4.3 Chemical Transformations in the Gas Phase / 118
 
4.4 Chemical Transformations in the Aqueous Phase / 131
 
4.5 Redox Chemistry at the Interface Between the Atmosphere and Earth's Surfaces / 136
 
4.6 Atmospheric Implications of the Identified Redox Pathways / 139
 
4.7 Future Research Needs / 143
 
References / 144
 
5 MICROBIAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE MERCURY CYCLE 155
Chu-Ching Lin, Nathan Yee, and Tamar Barkay
 
5.1 Introduction / 155
 
5.2 Mercury Methylation / 158
 
5.3 Methylmercury Degradation / 168
 
5.4 Redox Cycling of Inorganic Hg / 169
 
5.5 Conclusions / 179
 
References / 180
 
6 PHOTOREACTIONS OF MERCURY IN AQUATIC SYSTEMS 193
Emma E. Vost, Marc Amyot, and Nelson J. O'Driscoll
 
6.1 Significance of Mercury Photoreactions / 193
 
6.2 Concepts in Mercury Photoreactions / 194
 
6.3 Current Methods in Mercury Photochemistry / 209
 
6.4 Summary / 211
 
References / 212
 
7 CHEMICAL SPECIATION OF MERCURY IN SOIL AND SEDIMENT 219
Ulf Skyllberg
 
7.1 Introduction / 219
 
7.2 Physicochemical Properties, Oxidation States, Chemical Forms, Structures, and Concentrations of Mercury in the Environment / 220
 
7.3 Aqueous Phase: Major Ligands and Their Affinities for Mercury(II) / 222
 
7.4 Liquid and Solid Phases of Mercury in Soils and Sediments / 229
 
7.5 Reactions of Mercury(II) with Soil and Sediment Particle Surfaces / 231
 
7.6 Stabilization of Nanoparticulate Mercury(II) Sulfides by Natural Organic Matter / 237
 
7.7 Solubility and Chemical Speciation of Mercury(II) in Soils and Sediments / 237
 
7.8 Methods for Studying the Chemistry of Mercury(II) in Soils and Sediments / 248
 
7.9 Future Research Needs / 249
 
References / 252
 

Dettagli sul prodotto

• Autori: &apos, Yon Cai, Yong Cai, Yong/ Liu Cai, Nelson driscoll, G Liu, Guanglian Liu, Guangliang Liu, Guangliang (Florida International University) Liu, Guangliang Cai Liu, LIU GUANGLIANG CAI YONG O DRI, Nelson O'Driscoll
• Con la collaborazione di: Yong Cai (Editore), Cai Yong (Editore), Guangliang Liu (Editore), Liu Guangliang (Editore), Nelson O'Driscoll (Editore)
• Editore: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Lingue: Inglese
• Formato: Copertina rigida
• Pubblicazione: 20.02.2012
• EAN: 9780470578728
• ISBN: 978-0-470-57872-8
• Pagine: 600
• Categorie: Scienze naturali, medicina, informatica, tecnica > Chimica; Chemie, Umweltforschung, Toxikologie, Umweltchemie, Environmental Studies, quecksilber, chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Toxicology, Ökotoxikologie, Umweltverschmutzung, Ecotoxicology & Pollution Science