Brain Imaging in Substance Abuse - Research, Clinical, and Forensic Applications

The last two decades have seen prodigious growth in the application of brain imaging methods to questions of substance abuse and addiction. Despite considerable advances in our understanding of the central effects of drugs provided by preclinical data, relatively little direct evidence was known of how substances of abuse affect the brain and other eNS processes in humans. Brain imaging techniques have allowed access to the human brain and enabled the asking of questions never before imagined. The positron emission tomography (PET) data ofVolkow and her colleagues in the late 1980s, showing the uptake and time course of cocaine's binding in the human brain, revealed for the first time the distinct sites of action of this drug. This work was extremely important because it showed clearly, through imaging a drug in the brain of a living human, that the time course of its action paralleled the behavioral state of "high. " This study marked a turning point in our understanding of drug-brain-behav ior interactions in humans. Many more investigations of drug effects on the structure and function of the human brain were soon to follow, leading to much better insights into brain systems. Brain imaging allowed for the direct assessment of structural and functional anatomy, biology, and chemistry in substance abusers.

Sommario

1: Electroencephalography, Topographic Mapping, and Event-Related Potentials in Substance Abuse Research.- History of the Electroencephalogram.- Recording the Electroencephalogram.- Analysis of the EEG.- Topographic Mapping.- Artifact Avoidance.- Event-Related Potentials.- Utility of Event-Related Potentials in Substance Abuse Research.- Caveats in Interpreting Electrophysiologic Data in Substance Abuse Research.- Future Directions.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 2: Positron Emission Tomography and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography: Methods and Applications in Substance Abuse Research.- Principles Underlying Positron Emission Tomography and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography.- Basic Limitations of Positron Emission Tomography and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography.- Applications in Substance Abuse Research.- Conclusions.- References.- 3: Fundamentals of Magnetic Resonance.- General Principles.- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.- Magnetic Resonance Imaging.- Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging.- Other Magnetic Resonance Methods.- Summary.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 4: Electroenc ephalographic Studies of Substance Use and Abuse.- Electroencephalographic Studies of Chronic Substance Abusers.- Discussion.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 5: Emission Tomographic Studies in Substance Abuse.- Alcohol and Alcoholism.- Marijuana.- Hallucinogens.- Benzodiazepines.- Heroin and Opiates.- Cocaine.- Amphetamine and Methamphetamine.- Methylphenidate.- Solvents ("Thinners") and Toluene.- Conclusions.- Acknowledgment.- References.- 6: Magnetic Resonance Findings in Substance Abuse.- Alcohol and Alcoholism.- Marijuana and Hallucinogens.- Benzodiazepines.- Heroin and Opiates.- Cocaine.- Amphetamine and Other Stimulants.- Solvent Abuse and OccupationalExposure.- Polydrug Abuse.- Concluding Remarks.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 7: Neu ropsychological Correlates of Drug Abuse.- Alcohol.- Marijuana.- Hallucinogens.- Benzodiazepines.- Opiates.- Cocaine.- Amphetamine and Other Stimulants.- Solvents.- Conclusion.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 8: Neuroimages as Legal Evidence.- Science and the Law.- Neuroimages as Psychiatric Evidence.- Substance Abuse, Neuroimaging, and Crime.- Conclusion.- References.- Bibliography of Research Studies in Substance Abuse.- to the Bibliography.- Bibliography Table of Contents.- EEG and Evoked Potentials.- Emission Tomography.- Magnetic Resonance.- Neuropsychology.

Riassunto

The last two decades have seen prodigious growth in the application of brain imaging methods to questions of substance abuse and addiction. Despite considerable advances in our understanding of the central effects of drugs provided by preclinical data, relatively little direct evidence was known of how substances of abuse affect the brain and other eNS processes in humans. Brain imaging techniques have allowed access to the human brain and enabled the asking of questions never before imagined. The positron emission tomography (PET) data ofVolkow and her colleagues in the late 1980s, showing the uptake and time course of cocaine's binding in the human brain, revealed for the first time the distinct sites of action of this drug. This work was extremely important because it showed clearly, through imaging a drug in the brain of a living human, that the time course of its action paralleled the behavioral state of "high. " This study marked a turning point in our understanding of drug-brain-behav ior interactions in humans. Many more investigations of drug effects on the structure and function of the human brain were soon to follow, leading to much better insights into brain systems. Brain imaging allowed for the direct assessment of structural and functional anatomy, biology, and chemistry in substance abusers.

Testo aggiuntivo

Foreword by Joseph Frascella, National Institute on Drug Abuse

"This book is directed to a broad audience, including clinical researchers, physicians, forensic experts, and lawyers. The format and information is most applicable to neuroscience researchers and subspecialists investigating substance abuse. The author is an expert in the field, with an appointment from Harvard medical school....A section is dedicated to the relationship of neuroimaging findings to behavior in substance abuse patients. An intriguing chapter discusses the legal context of using these techniques in court. The exhaustive bibliography on substance abuse research is provided as a reference, useful for future clinical investigation. ...The glossary is appropriate for the audience and essential to comprehending the material....This is a robust text for the investigation of neuroimaging applications in substance abuse research. Explanation of the basic technical details for mainstream neuroimaging modalities are clearly written."- Doody's Health Sciences Book Review Journal

"As the editor states in his preface, this book deals with all aspects of brain imaging in the study of substance abuse and dependence. ... The chapters are followed by a glossary and by an extensive bibliography ( 140 pages!) structured by technique and by substance abuse topic. The index of 25 pages is very detailed and at the same time easy to use. A list of the chosen figures (including 12 colour plates) and tables is included at the beginning of the book. ... This book is aimed at anyone interested in the neurosciences in substance abuse. I especially recommend this book to specialists in forensic medicine. Each library or department should certainly have this book on its shelf." - European Radiology

"This book provides a comprehensive review of the use of brain imaging techniques in the evaluation of brain changes associated with acute and chronic substance abuse." - Acta Radiologica

"As the editor states in his preface this books deals with all aspects of brain imaging in the study of substance abuse and dependence. Thirteen authors, most of them experienced psychiatrists, have contributed to the eight chapters...This book is aimed at anyone interested in the neurosciences in substance abuse. I especially recommend this book to specialists in forensic medicine. Each library or department should certainly have this book on its shelf." - European Radiology

Relazione

Foreword by Joseph Frascella, National Institute on Drug Abuse

"This book is directed to a broad audience, including clinical researchers, physicians, forensic experts, and lawyers. The format and information is most applicable to neuroscience researchers and subspecialists investigating substance abuse. The author is an expert in the field, with an appointment from Harvard medical school....A section is dedicated to the relationship of neuroimaging findings to behavior in substance abuse patients. An intriguing chapter discusses the legal context of using these techniques in court. The exhaustive bibliography on substance abuse research is provided as a reference, useful for future clinical investigation. ...The glossary is appropriate for the audience and essential to comprehending the material....This is a robust text for the investigation of neuroimaging applications in substance abuse research. Explanation of the basic technical details for mainstream neuroimaging modalities are clearly written."- Doody's Health Sciences Book Review Journal

"As the editor states in his preface, this book deals with all aspects of brain imaging in the study of substance abuse and dependence. ... The chapters are followed by a glossary and by an extensive bibliography ( 140 pages!) structured by technique and by substance abuse topic. The index of 25 pages is very detailed and at the same time easy to use. A list of the chosen figures (including 12 colour plates) and tables is included at the beginning of the book. ... This book is aimed at anyone interested in the neurosciences in substance abuse. I especially recommend this book to specialists in forensic medicine. Each library or department should certainly have this book on its shelf." - European Radiology

"This book provides a comprehensive review of the use of brain imaging techniques in the evaluation of brain changes associated with acute and chronic substance abuse." - Acta Radiologica
"As the editor states in his preface this books deals with all aspects of brain imaging in the study of substance abuse and dependence. Thirteen authors, most of them experienced psychiatrists, have contributed to the eight chapters...This book is aimed at anyone interested in the neurosciences in substance abuse. I especially recommend this book to specialists in forensic medicine. Each library or department should certainly have this book on its shelf." - European Radiology

Dettagli sul prodotto

• Con la collaborazione di: Mar J Kaufman (Editore), Marc J Kaufman (Editore), Marc J. Kaufman (Editore)
• Editore: Springer, Berlin
• Lingue: Inglese
• Formato: Tascabile
• Pubblicazione: 25.10.2010
• EAN: 9781617371806
• ISBN: 978-1-61737-180-6
• Pagine: 425
• Dimensioni: 179 mm x 255 mm x 25 mm
• Illustrazioni: XXV, 425 p.
• Serie: Forensic Science and Medicine; Forensic Science and Medicine
• Categorie: Scienze naturali, medicina, informatica, tecnica > Medicina > Branche cliniche; C, neuroimaging, Medicine, marijuana, neuropsychology, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Forensic Medicine, cocaine