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The quality of human life has been maintained and enhanced for generations by the use of trees and their products. In recent years, ever rising human population growth has put tremendous pressure on trees and tree products; growing awareness of the potential of previously un exploited tree resources and environmental pollution have both accelerated development of new technologies for tree propagation, breeding and improvement. Biotechnology of trees may be the answer to solve the problems which cannot be solved by conventional breeding methods. The combination of biotechnology and conventional methods such as plant propagation and breeding may be a novel approach to improving and multiplying in large number the trees and woody plants. So far, plant tissue culture technology has largely been exploited in the propagation of ornamental plants, especially foliage house plants, by com mercial companies. Generally, tissue culture of woody plants has been recal citrant. However, limited success has been achieved in tissue culture of angiosperm and gymnosperm woody plants. A number of recent reports on somatic embryogenesis in woody plants such as Norway spruce (Picea abies), Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), Sandalwood (Santalum album), Citrus, Mango (Mangifera indica), etc. offer a ray of hope of: (a) inexpensive clonal propa gation for large-scale production of plants or "emblings" or "somatic embryo plants"; (b) protoplast work; (c) cryopreservation; (d) genetic transforma tion; and (e) artificial or manufactured seed production.
Sommario
IIII.1 Somatic Embryogenesis in the Cycadales.- III.2. Somatic Embryogenesis in Norway Spruce (Picea Abies).- III.3. Somatic Embryogenesis in Picea Glauca (White Spruce), P. Engelmannii (Engelmann Spruce) and P. Glauca Engelmannii complex (interior spruce).- III.4. Somatic Embryogenesis in Picea Glehnii and P. Jezoensis.- III.5. Somatic Embryogenesis in Picea Mariana (Mill.).- III.6. Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration in Picea Omorika.- III.7. Somatic Embryogenesis in Blue Spruce (Picea Pungens Engelmann).- III.8. Somatic Embryogenesis in Red Spruce (Picea Rubens Sarg.).- III.9. Somatic Embryogenesis in Sitka Spruce (Picea Sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.- III.10. Somatic Embryopgenesis in Pinus Caribaea.- III.11. Somatic Embryogenesis in Slash Pine (PinusElliottii Engelm.).- III.12. Somatic Embryogenesis in Sugar Pine (Pinus Lambertiana Dougl.).- III.13. Somatic Embryogenesis in Pinus Nigra Arn.- III.14. Somatic Embryogenesis in Maritime Pine (Pinus Pinaster).- III.15. Somatic Embryogenesis in Pinus Radiata Don.- III.16. Somatic Embryogenesis in Eastern White Pine (Pinus Strobus L.- III.17. Somatic Embryogenesis in Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.- III.18. Somatic Embryogenesis in Loblolly Pine (Pinus Taeda L.- III.19. Somatic Embryogenesis in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga Menziesii.- III.20. Somatic Embryogenesis in Larix.- III.21. Somatic Embryogenesis in Abies spp.- III.22. Present State of Somatic Embryogenesis in Sequoia Sempervirens (Lamb.) Endl.- List of Contributors.- Index of Species.- Index of Subjects.
