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NATO Advanced Research Institutes are designed to explore unre solved problems. By focusing complementary expertise from various disciplines onto one unifying theme, they approach old problems in new ways. In line with this goal of the NATO Science Committee, and with substantial support from the u.s. Office of Naval Research and the Seabed Assessment Program of the u.s. National Science Founda tion, such a Research Institute on the theme of Coastal Qpw!llinq and Its Sediment Record was held September 1-4, 1981, in Vilamoura, Portuqal. The theme implies a modification of uniformitarian thinking in earth science. Expectations were directed not so much towards find ing the key to the past as towards explorinq the limits of interpret inq the past based on present upwelling oceanography. Coastal up wellinq and its imprint on sediments are particularly well-suited for such a scientific inquiry. The oceanic processes and conditions characteristic of upwelling are well understood and are a well packaqed representation of ocean science that are familiar to qeolo gists, just as the maqnitude of bioproduction and sedimentation in upwellinq reqimes --among other bioloqical and geoloqical processes- have made oceanographers realize that the bottom has a feedback role for their models.
Sommario
of Part B.- Surface Sediment Distributions.- Some unique sedimentological and geochemical features of deposits in coastal upwelling regions.- Sedimentation of organic matter in upwelling regimes.- Biogenic sediments on the South West African (Namibian) continental margin.- The modern upwelling record off northwest Africa.- Biogenic sedimentary structures in a modern upwelling region: Northwest African continental margin.- Upwelling records in recent sediments from southern Portugal: A reconnaissance survey.- Environmental controls on sediment texture and composition in low oxygen zones off Peru and Oregon.- Coastal upwelling, its influence on the geotechnical properties and stability characteristics of submarine deposits.- Upwelling along the western Indian continental margin and its geological record: A summary.- High Resolution Holocene Time Scales.- Stable isotope record of upwelling and climate from Santa Barbara Basin, California.- Decadal variation of upwelling in the Central Gulf of California.- Oxygen isotope composition of diatom silica and silico-flagellate assemblage changes in the Gulf of California: A 700-year upwelling study.- Stable isotopes of foraminifers off Peru recording high fertility and changes in upwelling history.- Pleistocene Time Scales.- Spatial and temporal patterns of organic matter accumulation on the Peru continental margin.- Variability of upwelling regimes (northwest Africa, south Arabia) during the latest Pleistocene: A comparison.- Glacial-interglacial cycles in oceanic productivity inferred from organic carbon contents in eastern North Atlantic sediment cores.- Differentiation of high oceanic fertility in marine sediments caused by coastal upwelling and/or river discharge off northwest Africa during the late Quaternary.- Distributionof organic carbon in the Gulf of Alaska Neogene and Holocene sedimentary record.- Pre-Pleistocene Phanerozoic Time Scales.- Organic geochemistry of sediments recovered by DSDP/IPOD Leg 75 from under the Benguela Current.- Potential deep-sea petroleum source beds related to coastal upwelling.- Cretaceous upwelling off northwest Africa: A summary.- Facies patterns of a Cretaceous/Tertiary subtropical upwelling system (Great Syrian desert) and an Aptian/Albian boreal upwelling system (NW Germany).- Indications of upwelling in the Lower Ordovician of Scandinavia.- Upwelling in the Paleozoic era.- Paleozoic black shales in relation to continental margin upwelling.- Participants.
