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This volume contains papers selected from among those submitted to the Symposium on "Human Consequences of Crowding", held in Antalya, Turkey, 6-11 November, 1977. Realizing an international symposium of this scope, and preparing the manu script for pUblication afterwards, necessitated the assistance and support of so many people that it is impossible to name all but a few of them. First of all, we are par ticularly grateful to the Scientific Affairs Division of NATO (Special Programme Panel on Human Factors), and the Middle East Technical University in Ankara, Turkey, the co-sponsors of the Symposium. Dr. Robert B. Bechtel of the Environ mental Research and Development Foundation, Tucson, Arizona, U. S. A . - joined the editors of the present volume in planning the Symposium, and acted as a "point of contact" for the Americas and the Pacific Region. An advisory board consisting of Mithat
Sommario
I: Conceptual Dimensions of Crowding.- The Human Consequences of Crowding: Where We Stand, Where We Should Be Going.- Environmental Planning in a Democratic Society.- A Politico-psychological Perspective on Crowding.- The Task Interference Model of Crowding.- Crowding: An Ecological Approach.- Individual Variation in Perception, Adaptation, and Consequent Crowding.- A Systematic Approach to High Density Settings: Social and Physical Environmental Factors.- Spatial Dimensions of Crowding: An Analysis by the Density Gradients for Ankara, 1965-70.- II: Experimental Studies of Crowding Consequences.- Consequences of Crowding on Children.- Human and Non-human Components of Crowding.- Reactions to Personal Space Invasion: Experimental Tests of an Attributional Analysis.- Social Crowding and the Complexity of the Built Environment: A Theoretical and Experimental Framework.- Experimental Investigations of the Determinants and Personal Consequences of Crowding.- Social Determinants of Crowding.- Crowding and Environmental Control.- Individual and Cultural Differences in Coping with Crowds and Crowded Conditions.- III: Multivariate Studies of Perception of the Crowded Environment.- A Multidimensional Analysis of Subjective Crowding.- Conceptual Dimensions of Crowding: A Multidimensional Analysis.- Multivariate Dimensions in the Perception of Public Areas by Turkish University Students.- IV: Case Studies of Crowding Consequences.- Shared Spaces in Crowded Areas.- Community and Behavior in Urban Environments.- The Impact of Social Environmental Factors on Fertility Behavior in Turkey and in the United States and Its Imphcations for Crowding.- Impact of Family Crowding on the Design Problems of Dwelling Units within Turkey.- Crowding in Households: Chicago, Illinois versus Istanbul,Turkey.- Cluster Layouts in High Density Urban Situations.- References.- Index of Names.
