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The development of the modern organic insecticides has contri buted a major chapter to the history of neurotoxicants. From their roots in the organochlorines and organophosphates discovered prior to and during the Second World War, to the carbamates developed in the 1950's, and most recently to the extremely potent and promising synthetic pyrethroids, the most important organic insecticides have been those whose wite of action lies within the nervous system. In this regard, man is only mimicking nature in attacking the nervous system with lethal intent since potent neurotoxins are cornmon compo nents of the venoms with which animals of all types defend themselves and subdue their prey. This central role of the nervous sytem as a broad target for pesticides may also be projected into the future - a prediction to which this volume is devoted. The nervous system in its diversity is likely to be of central concern to those charged with discovering novel pesticides whether they be modifications of familiar chemical groups or structurally novel neurotoxicants such as the nitromethyl ene insecticides described here. On a second front, the ability to influence insect behavior through the nervous system will become increasingly important in pest management. Pheromones represent one obvious example of this; recent work described in this volume indi cates that the forrnamidine pesticides may represent another.
Sommario
General Introduction.- Section I Sites of Neurotoxic Action in Insects.- The Insect Central Nervous System as a Site of Action of Neurotoxicants.- Acetylcholine Receptors: Purification, Structure, and Interaction with Insecticides.- Isomeric Forms of Acetylcholinesterase.- Novel Inhibitors of Insect Choline Acetyltransferase and Their Effects on Synaptic Transmission at an Insect Cholinergic Synapse.- Insecticide-Induced Release of Neurosecretory Hormones.- The Insect Neuromuscular System as a Site of Insecticide Action.- Section II Neurotoxic Actions of Synthetic Insecticides and Acaricides.- Neurophysiological Study of the Structure - Activity Relations of Insecticides.- Toxicities of ?-BHC and Related Compounds.- Nitromethylene Heterocycles as Insecticides.- The House Fly Metabolism of Nitromethylene Insecticides.- The Cardiovascular Toxicity of Chlordimeform: A Local Anesthetic-Like Action.- Formamidine Pesticides - Actions in Insects and Acarines.- Formamidine Pesticides - Metabolic Aspects of Neurotoxicity.- Section III Neurotoxic Actions of Arthropod Venoms.- Effects and Chemical Characterization of Some Paralyzing Venoms of Solitary Wasps.- Chemistry, Specificity, and Action of Arthropod Toxic Proteins Derived from Scorpion Venoms.- Ant Venoms: A Study of Venom Diversity.- Actions of Some Neurotoxic Proteins of Black Widow Spider Venom 2.
