History of Industrial Gases

Starting at the dawn of science, History of Industrial Gases traces the development of gas theory from its Aristotelian roots to its modern achievements as a global industry. Dr. Almqvist explores how environmental protection, geographical areas, and the drive for higher purity and efficiency affected development in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and how they will influence the future of this rapidly expanding industry. The roles of major contributing companies are also discussed to provide an informative and thought-provoking treatise valuable to anyone who studies or works in this fascinating field.

Sommario

1. History of Gases: Introduction.- Discoveries in England by Priestley, Black, Cavendish, and Rutherford.- Sweden and Scheele.- It All Begins with Ancient Theories and Alchemy.- Paracelsus and Hydrogen Gas.- The Defense of Alchemy.- What Happened to the Newly Discovered Gases and Their Discoverers?.- The Liquefaction of Gas.- References.- 2. From Aristotle to the Birth of Modern Chemistry.- 2.1. From Aristotle to the Birth of Pneumatic Chemistry.- 2.2. The Discovery of Gases and the True Nature of Combustion.- 2.3. Biographies of the Early Pioneers in the Study of Gases.- 3. Industrial Gases: Background.- 3.1. Hydrogen: The Gas That Had a Flying Start.- 3.2. Oxygen: "Fire Air".- 3.3. Nitrogen: "Rotten Air" and Its Challenges.- 3.4. Carbon Dioxide: Spiritus Sylvestre.- 3.5. Acetylene: The Gas That Triggered the Industrial Gas Business.- 3.6. The Noble Gases: An Inactive Family of Great Importance.- 4. The Development of Industrial Gas Technology.- 4.1. Liquefaction of Gases.- 4.2. The Path to Absolute Zero. Superconductivity.- 4.3. Development of the Production of Air Gas (1910-Ca. 1975).- 4.4. Equipment for Distribution and Storage of Gas.- 4.5. Production: Alternative Gas Separation Methods.- 5. Development of the Industrial Gas Business.- 5.1. Liquid Carbonic.- 5.2. Linde AG.- 5.3. Messer Griesheim.- 5.4. Air Liquide.- 5.5. AGA.- 5.6. British Oxygen.- 5.7. Praxair.- 5.8. Nippon Sanso.- 5.9. Air Products.- 6. Expansion of the Industrial Gas Business.- 6.1. Introduction: Origin of the Industrial Gas Business in Western Europe.- 6.2. Eastern and Central Europe.- 6.3. North America.- 6.4. South and Central America.- 6.5. Asia.- 6.6. Australia.- 6.7. Africa.- 6.8. The Development of the Modern Industrial Gas Business.- 7. How New Gas Applications wereDeveloped.- 7.1. Biology and Medicine.- 7.2. Welding and Cutting.- 7.3. Metallurgy and Combustion.- 7.4. Chemistry and the Environment.- 7.5. Energy and Fuel.- 7.6. Inerting and Cooling.- 7.7. Specialty Gases. High-Purity Gases.- 3.1. The Zeppelin Story.- 3.2. Drebbel's Submarine.- The Lunar Society.- 3.3. Nitrogen as a raw Material for Gun Powder.- 3.4. Baths and Cures.- 3.4. Greenhouse Effect.- 3.5. Aluminum Manufacture and Its Impact on Acetylene Production.- The First Industrial Production of Calcium Carbide and Dissolved Acetylene.- 4.1. A Success Story that Ended in a Personal Disaster.- The Liquid Helium Race.- Cryoliquids.- 7.1. The Pneumatic Institute of Bristol.- The First Uses of Oxygen Cutting.- Institutional Index.- Name Index.

Riassunto

Starting at the dawn of science, History of Industrial Gases traces the development of gas theory from its Aristotelian roots to its modern achievements as a global industry. Dr. Almqvist explores how environmental protection, geographical areas, and the drive for higher purity and efficiency affected development in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and how they will influence the future of this rapidly expanding industry. The roles of major contributing companies are also discussed to provide an informative and thought-provoking treatise valuable to anyone who studies or works in this fascinating field.

Testo aggiuntivo

"This 450-page pastiche of well-researched and well-documented vignettes, anecdotes, thumbnail sketches, and priceless illustrations and drawings is, as advertised, a marvelous excursion into the history of industrial gases. Embedded between the end papers of what might at first seem only to interest a precious few specialists are the essence of stories on hydrogen, including lighter-than-air craft and ballooning; dry ice and refrigeration; acetylene and illumination; gaslight and limelight; noble gases and the quest for absolute zero; industrial helium, superconductivity, and superfluidity; cutting and welding; rocket fuels, buzz bombs, and space travel; cryogenics, cyngas, and LPG. On and on. An impressive scientific and engineering retrospective... References are properly annotated, accurately displayed, and well represented; illustrations are appropriate and often original; the engineering drawings are more than window dressing. Empedocles and Paracelsus would be pleased... Put this in your library. It's a gas! Summing up: Essential."
(L.W. Fine, Columbia University in Choice, December 2003)
"Almqvist's book is a tour de force, which gives insight, not only into the historical development of the gas production industries, but also in new technologies, such as gas welding and cutting, rocket propulsion, biological and medical applications. In addition the author lets us meet the scientists and entrepreneurs whose worl lies behind all this. A well researched book in the best tradition of the Newcomen Society."
(Jan Hault)
 
 

Relazione

"This 450-page pastiche of well-researched and well-documented vignettes, anecdotes, thumbnail sketches, and priceless illustrations and drawings is, as advertised, a marvelous excursion into the history of industrial gases. Embedded between the end papers of what might at first seem only to interest a precious few specialists are the essence of stories on hydrogen, including lighter-than-air craft and ballooning; dry ice and refrigeration; acetylene and illumination; gaslight and limelight; noble gases and the quest for absolute zero; industrial helium, superconductivity, and superfluidity; cutting and welding; rocket fuels, buzz bombs, and space travel; cryogenics, cyngas, and LPG. On and on. An impressive scientific and engineering retrospective... References are properly annotated, accurately displayed, and well represented; illustrations are appropriate and often original; the engineering drawings are more than window dressing. Empedocles and Paracelsus would be pleased... Put this in your library. It's a gas! Summing up: Essential."
(L.W. Fine, Columbia University in Choice, December 2003)
"Almqvist's book is a tour de force, which gives insight, not only into the historical development of the gas production industries, but also in new technologies, such as gas welding and cutting, rocket propulsion, biological and medical applications. In addition the author lets us meet the scientists and entrepreneurs whose worl lies behind all this. A well researched book in the best tradition of the Newcomen Society."
(Jan Hault)
 
 

Dettagli sul prodotto

• Autori: Ebbe Almqvist
• Editore: Springer, Berlin
• Lingue: Inglese
• Formato: Tascabile
• Pubblicazione: 17.10.2013
• EAN: 9781461349624
• ISBN: 978-1-4613-4962-4
• Pagine: 472
• Dimensioni: 178 mm x 26 mm x 254 mm
• Peso: 917 g
• Illustrazioni: XVIII, 472 p.
• Categorie: Scienze naturali, medicina, informatica, tecnica > Scienze naturali, tematiche generali; Scienze umane, arte, musica > Storia; Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, C, History, Industrielle Chemie und Chemietechnologie, chemistry, Historiography, History of Science, Industrial Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Condensed matter, Chemistry/Food Science, general, Inorganic Chemistry, History, general, Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering, Science—History, Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering, Chemistry, Technical