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Endocrinologic investigations during pregnancy have focused in the last decades on placental hormones, the maternal endocrine system and maternal fetal interactions. Less is known about the fetus itself and the interaction of fetal hormonal response and physiological parameters. In this book physiologists, pediatricians and obstetricians active in experimental studies in both physiology and endocrinology combine both aspects of investigations. Historical remarks on the endocrine development of the fetus are followed by observations of the hormonal control of the cardiovascular system. Basic mechanisms of fetal endocrine control such as brain development, fetal growth, fetal behaviour, and thermoregulation are given particular consideration. Finally, carbohydrate metabolism and the mechanism of parturition are outlined.
Sommario
Growth Hormone and Fetal Growth: Historical Perspective.- Endocrine Control of Circulation I - Humoral Mechanisms.- Endocrine Control of the Fetal Circulation.- Control of the Pulmonary Circulation in the Perinatal Period.- Maternal and Fetal Responses to Long-term Hypoxemia in Sheep.- Adrenal Endocrine and Circulatory Responses to Acute Prolonged Asphyxia in Surviving and Non-Surviving Fetal Sheep near Term.- Production and Inactivation of Catecholamines During Hypoxia and Recovery.- Placental Hormone Transfer.- Endocrine Control of Circulation II - Neuronal Mechanisms.- Hormonal Control of Fetal Breathing.- Development of Reflex Control of the Fetal Circulation.- Comparison of the Effects of Anti-NGF and Thyroidectomy on Sympatho-Adrenal Function in Fetal Lambs.- Fetal Chemical Sympathectomy: Circulatory and Hormonal Responses to Hypoxemia.- Dynamics of Circulatory Centralization and Release of Vasoactive Hormones During Acute Asphyxia in Intact and Chemically Sympathectomized Fetal Sheep.- Pancreatic Blood Flow, Insulin Concentrations, and Glucose Metabolism in Intact and Chemically Sympathectomized Fetal Sheep During Normoxaemia and Asphyxia.- Distribution of Catecholamines in Central and Peripheral Organs of the Fetal Guinea Pig During Normoxaemia, Hypoxaemia, and Asphyxia.- Endocrine Control of the Fetus - Basic Mechanisms.- Biological Timekeeping During Pregnancy and the Role of Circadian Rhythms in Parturition.- Ontogenetic Changes in Olfactory Bulb Neural Activities of Pouched Young Tammar Wallabies.- The Functional Maturation of the Somatotropic Axis in the Perinatal Period.- Endocrine Control of the Fetal Growth.- Placental Metabolism and Endocrine Effects in Relation to the Control of Fetal and Placental Growth.- The Biosynthesis and Regulation ofFetal Insulin-like Growth Factors.- Endocrine Control of Lung Development.- Fetal Endocrine and Metabolic Response to Placental Insufficiency.- Endocrine Aspects of Fetal Behaviour.- Behavioural States and Blood Flow Changes in the Human Fetus.- Electrophysiological and Neurochemical Response to Asphyxia in the Ovine Fetus.- Endocrine Control of Thermoregulation.- Central Noradrenergic and Serotonergic Mechanisms in Temperature Regulation and Adaptation.- Role of Catecholamines in Thermoregulation of Cold-Adapted and Newborn Guinea Pigs.- Maturation of Thermoregulatory and Thermogenic Mechanisms in Fetal Sheep.- Perinatal Activation of Brown Adipose Tissue.- Endocrine Control of the Fetal Carbohydrate Metabolism.- Carbohydrate Metabolism During Fetal Development.- Relationship Between Alterations in Uterine Blood Flow and the Handling of Glucose by Fetus and Placenta.- Pancreatectomy and Fetal Carbohydrate Metabolism.- Validity of Amniotic Insulin Measurements in the Management of Pregnancy in Diabetic Women.- Mechanisms of Parturition.- Initiation of Human Parturition.- Activation of Fetal Hypothalamic-Pituitary Function and Birth.- The Regulation and Effects of Myometrial Activity on the Fetus.- Regulation of Electrical Activity in the Myometrium of the Pregnant Ewe.- Induction of Labour in Domestic Animals: Endocrine Changes and Neonatal Viability.
