Statistical Mechanics of Turbulent Flows

The simulation of technological and environmental flows is very important for many industrial developments. A major challenge related to their modeling is to involve the characteristic turbulence that appears in most of these flows. The traditional way to tackle this question is to use deterministic equations where the effects of turbulence are directly parametrized, i. e. , assumed as functions of the variables considered. However, this approach often becomes problematic, in particular if reacting flows have to be simulated. In many cases, it turns out that appropriate approximations for the closure of deterministic equations are simply unavailable. The alternative to the traditional way of modeling turbulence is to construct stochastic models which explain the random nature of turbulence. The application of such models is very attractive: one can overcome the closure problems that are inherent to deterministic methods on the basis of relatively simple and physically consistent models. Thus, from a general point of view, the use of stochastic methods for turbulence simulations seems to be the optimal way to solve most of the problems related to industrial flow simulations. However, it turns out that this is not as simple as it looks at first glance. The first question concerns the numerical solution of stochastic equations for flows of environmental and technological interest. To calculate industrial flows, 3 one often has to consider a number of grid cells that is of the order of 100 .

Sommario

Introduction: The basic equations; Turbulence models; Filter operations.- Stochastic variables: PDFs of one variable; The characterization of PDFs by moments; PDFs of several variables; Statistically most-likely PDFs; Examples for statistically most-likely PDFs; Examples for other PDFs; Theta and delta functions.- Stochastic processes: PDF transport equations; The Fokker-Planck equation; An exact solution to the Fokker-Planck equation; Stochastic equations for realizations; Stochastic modeling; The dynamics of relevant variables.- The equations of fluid and thermodynamics: The fluid dynamic variables; From the molecular to fluid dynamics; The closure of the fluid dynamic equations; The equations for multicomponent reacting systems; Direct numerical simulation; Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations; Second- and higher-order RANS equations.- Stochastic models for large-scale turbulence: A hierarchy of stochastic velocity models; The generalized Langevin model for velocities; A hierarchy of Langevin models; The Kolmogorov constant; A hierarchy of stochastic models for scalars; Compressible reacting flow: velocity models; Compressible reacting flow: scalar models; Stochastic models and basic equations; Consistent turbulence models; Nonlinear stochastic models.- Stochastic models for small-scale turbulence: The generalization of LES by FDF methods; The closure of the equation for filtered velocities; The closure of the scalar FDF transport equation; The closure of LES and FDF equations; The dynamic eddy length scale calculation; The scalar-conditioned convective flux; An assumed-shape FDF method.- The unification of turbulence models: The need for the unification of turbulence models; Unified turbulence models; Some unsolved questions. References.- Author index.- Subject index.

Info autore

Stefan Heinz, geb. 1979; Politikwissenschaftler, Lehrbeauftragter und Mitarbeiter der Arbeitsstelle "Nationale und Internationale Gewerkschaftspolitik" am Otto-Suhr-Institut der Freien Universität Berlin; forscht derzeit über den Widerstand und die Verfolgung von Gewerkschafterinnen und Gewerkschaftern im NS-Staat.

Riassunto

The simulation of technological and environmental flows is very important for many industrial developments. A major challenge related to their modeling is to involve the characteristic turbulence that appears in most of these flows. The traditional way to tackle this question is to use deterministic equations where the effects of turbulence are directly parametrized, i. e. , assumed as functions of the variables considered. However, this approach often becomes problematic, in particular if reacting flows have to be simulated. In many cases, it turns out that appropriate approximations for the closure of deterministic equations are simply unavailable. The alternative to the traditional way of modeling turbulence is to construct stochastic models which explain the random nature of turbulence. The application of such models is very attractive: one can overcome the closure problems that are inherent to deterministic methods on the basis of relatively simple and physically consistent models. Thus, from a general point of view, the use of stochastic methods for turbulence simulations seems to be the optimal way to solve most of the problems related to industrial flow simulations. However, it turns out that this is not as simple as it looks at first glance. The first question concerns the numerical solution of stochastic equations for flows of environmental and technological interest. To calculate industrial flows, 3 one often has to consider a number of grid cells that is of the order of 100 .

Testo aggiuntivo

From the reviews:

"This book is a descriptive monograph with a focus on stochastic probability density function (pdf) procedures and their implementation for turbulent flow. … The book includes a usefully extensive reference list, author and subject index. … The book … does provide a valuable survey of stochastic turbulent flow procedures supplementary to and in comparison with more conventional closure procedures. Considering the book’s relatively modest price it would be a useful addition for personal as well as institutional acquisition." (AC Buckingham, Applied Mechanics Reviews, Vol. 57 (5), 2004)
"This is a nicely written textbook, aiming to present the methods of stochastic modelling of turbulent fluid flow. … The author nicely and convincingly expands on the advantages of stochastic modelling … . It deserves attention by the specialists and the beginners as well and has useful applications. It is clearly presented, with careful argumentation and interesting scientific contents. The book’s use is nicely supported by an extended list of all symbols and abbreviations and, of course, with references. The reviewer can well recommend it." (Dr. S.Grossmann, European Journal of Mechanics B/Fluids, Issue 23, 2004)
"This is a handbook for a computational approach to reacting flows … . This book offers a timely survey of techniques in modern computational fluid mechanics for turbulent flows with reacting scalars. It should be of interest to engineers, while the discussion of … pdfs, stochastic and statistical equations should also be attractive to applied mathematicians and physicists. … it is written clearly and concisely and should be useful to a large community, interested either in the underlying stochastic formalism or in CFD applications." (C Cambon, Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General, Vol. 37 (40), 2004)

Relazione

From the reviews:

"This book is a descriptive monograph with a focus on stochastic probability density function (pdf) procedures and their implementation for turbulent flow. ... The book includes a usefully extensive reference list, author and subject index. ... The book ... does provide a valuable survey of stochastic turbulent flow procedures supplementary to and in comparison with more conventional closure procedures. Considering the book's relatively modest price it would be a useful addition for personal as well as institutional acquisition." (AC Buckingham, Applied Mechanics Reviews, Vol. 57 (5), 2004)
"This is a nicely written textbook, aiming to present the methods of stochastic modelling of turbulent fluid flow. ... The author nicely and convincingly expands on the advantages of stochastic modelling ... . It deserves attention by the specialists and the beginners as well and has useful applications. It is clearly presented, with careful argumentation and interesting scientific contents. The book's use is nicely supported by an extended list of all symbols and abbreviations and, of course, with references. The reviewer can well recommend it." (Dr. S.Grossmann, European Journal of Mechanics B/Fluids, Issue 23, 2004)
"This is a handbook for a computational approach to reacting flows ... . This book offers a timely survey of techniques in modern computational fluid mechanics for turbulent flows with reacting scalars. It should be of interest to engineers, while the discussion of ... pdfs, stochastic and statistical equations should also be attractive to applied mathematicians and physicists. ... it is written clearly and concisely and should be useful to a large community, interested either in the underlying stochastic formalism or in CFD applications." (C Cambon, Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General, Vol. 37 (40), 2004)

Dettagli sul prodotto

• Autori: Stefan Heinz
• Editore: Springer, Berlin
• Lingue: Inglese
• Formato: Tascabile
• Pubblicazione: 14.10.2010
• EAN: 9783642072611
• ISBN: 978-3-642-07261-1
• Pagine: 216
• Dimensioni: 157 mm x 14 mm x 238 mm
• Peso: 598 g
• Illustrazioni: XXIV, 216 p.
• Categorie: Scienze naturali, medicina, informatica, tecnica > Geoscienze; Geophysik, C, Umweltüberwachung (Umwelt-Monitoring), Thermodynamik und Wärme, Geophysics, Klassische Mechanik, Angewandte Physik, Kybernetik und Systemtheorie, environmental science, engineering & technology, Complex systems, Thermodynamics, Classical and Continuum Physics, Geophysics and Environmental Physics, Physics and Astronomy, Thermodynamics & heat, Solid Earth Sciences, Fluid mechanics, Fluid- and Aerodynamics, Fluids, Dynamical systems, Geophysics/Geodesy, Environmental Monitoring, Monitoring/Environmental Analysis, Dynamics & statics, Statistical physics