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An in-depth understanding of energy technology, sources, conversion, storage, transport and conservation is crucial for developing a sustainable and economically viable energy infrastructure. This need, for example, is addressed in university courses with a special focus on the energy mix of renewable and depletable energy resources.Energy makes our lives comfortable, and the existence of amenities such as heaters, cars, warm water, household appliances and electrical light is characteristic for a developed economy. Supplying the industrial or individual energy consumer with energy 24 hours a day is a non-trivial challenge, especially in times where the energy is coming from very diverse resources such as oil, gas, nuclear fuels, wind, sun, or waves.This book gives physics, chemistry, engineering, and materials science students insights in the basics of energy and energy technology. It was developed along a successful course for advanced bachelor or graduate students and is written in a didactic style. The problems and solutions at the end of each chapter are ideal for exams and make self-study easy. Topics covered include energy from fossil and nuclear fuels, renewable sources, energy transport, storage, and conservation.
Sommario
PrefaceINTRODUCTIONGlobal Energy FlowNatural and Anthropogenic Greenhouse EffectLimit to Atmospheric CO2 ConcentrationPotential RemediesENERGY CONSERVATION WITH THERMAL INSULATIONOpaque InsulationsTransparent and Translucent InsulationsTHERMODYNAMIC ENERGY EFFICIENCYCarnot's LawStirling EngineIrreversibilitiesExergy and AnergyCompression Heat Pumps and Air-Conditioning SystemsAbsorption Heat TransformersEnergy and Exergy EfficiencyFOSSIL FUEL-FIRED ENERGY CONVERTERSPower PlantsInternal Combustion EnginesThermoelectric Converters (TECs)Exotic Energy ConvertersAbsorption CyclesCondensation BoilersNUCLEAR FISSION ENERGY AND POWER PLANTSBinding Energy and Mass DefectFissionThe Multiplication FactorReactor ControlNeutron FluxReactivity Changes during Power Plant OperationFuel Conversion and BreedingNuclear Reactor TypesThe Fuel QuestionU235 EnrichmentSpent FuelReactor Safety and AccidentsHYDROPOWERWater Runoff from MountainsLaminar and Turbulent Flow in PipesRunning Water from OceansOcean TidesOcean WavesOcean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)Energy from Osmotic PressureWINDPOWERWind VelocityUsing the DragUsing the LiftTechnical QuestionsElectricity from Wind on DemandSmall-Scale Wind Energy ConversionAlternative Wind Energy ConvertersWind Energy ConcentrationPHOTOVOLTAICS (PV)Diodes and Solar CellsTransport Phenomena, Isc and UocTemperature EffectsEquivalent CircuitAbsorption Process and TransitionsAdvanced Solar CellsSi Production and Energy AmortizationOther Solar MaterialsFrom Solar Cells to ModulesFuture Prospects for PhotovoltaicsWet Solar CellsSOLAR SPACE AND HOT WATER HEATINGSolar RadiationFlat Plate CollectorsEvacuated Thermal CollectorsCompound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC)Solar Thermal Heating SystemsActive Solar Heating SystemsThermosiphonELECTRICITY AND FUELS FROM SOLAR HEATConcentration of Solar RadiationSolar TroughsFresnel SystemsSolar Dish and Solar TowerSolar Thermic Power PlantsSolar FuelsBIOMASS ENERGYGrowth of BiomassDirect Use of Solid BiomassBiogasBiofuelHydrothermal Carbonization of BiomassGEOTHERMAL ENERGYThe Origin of Geothermal EnergyGeothermal AnomaliesGeothermal Power PlantsHot Dry RockENERGY STORAGEMechanical Energy StorageElectric Energy StorageElectrochemical Energy StorageChemical Energy StorageThermal Energy StorageENERGY TRANSPORTMechanical Energy TransportTransporting ElectricityHeat TransportFUEL CELLSGeneral ConsiderationsPolymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)Other Fuel CellsNUCLEAR FUSION ENERGYIntroductionFuel for FusionBreak-Even and the Lawson CriterionMagnetic Confinement Fusion (MCF)International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER)Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF)The National Ignition Facility (NIF)
Info autore
Jochen Fricke is scientific consultant at the Center for Applied Energy Research (CAE) in Würzburg, Germany, and member of the advisory board of va-Q-tec AG, a company specialized on energy efficient vacuum isolation panels. His research interests started in nuclear energy and went on to renewables. He received his PhD at the Technical University of Munich, followed by post-doc research in Munich and Pittsburgh. In 1975 he became professor at the University of Würzburg, where he is still giving lectures on energy. He was appointed as founding director of the CAE in 1991 and in 2006 he was appointed as spokesperson for the Bavarian Energy Technology Cluster. Jochen Fricke was honoured with several prizes, among them the 'Medal for Scientific Publication' by the German Physical Society.
Walter Borst is physics professor at the Texas Tech University in Lubbock since 1984. He received his PhD in Berkeley and stayed for a post-doc research at the University of Pittsburgh. Before he went to Lubbock, he became Assistant and later on Associate Professor in Carbondale. His research interests range from atomic and molecular collisions, time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy, organic dye scintillators, coal and oil shale fluorescence, long-term solar heat storage to solar heat collectors.
Riassunto
An in-depth understanding of energy technology, sources, conversion, storage, transport and conservation is crucial for developing a sustainable and economically viable energy infrastructure. This need, for example, is addressed in university courses with a special focus on the energy mix of renewable and depletable energy resources.
Energy makes our lives comfortable, and the existence of amenities such as heaters, cars, warm water, household appliances and electrical light is characteristic for a developed economy. Supplying the industrial or individual energy consumer with energy 24 hours a day is a non-trivial challenge, especially in times where the energy is coming from very diverse resources such as oil, gas, nuclear fuels, wind, sun, or waves.
This book gives physics, chemistry, engineering, and materials science students insights in the basics of energy and energy technology. It was developed along a successful course for advanced bachelor or graduate students and is written in a didactic style. The problems and solutions at the end of each chapter are ideal for exams and make self-study easy. Topics covered include energy from fossil and nuclear fuels, renewable sources, energy transport, storage, and conservation.
Relazione
"The authors filled the book's intended scope systematically, quite thoroughly and clearly: as conceived and executed it is one of the most useful textbooks of modern energy technologies now in print." ( Energy Technology , 6 June 2014)
