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In a multi-disciplinary approach the book deals withliposome dermatics fromthe chemist's, pharmacist's,biologist's as well as clinician's point of view. Itfeatures the production of liposomes, appropriate rawmaterials, encapsulation of active ingredients, possibleincorporation into vehicles such as gels, assessment ofstability, fate of liposomes and active ingredients exposedto animaland human skin both in vitro and in vivo, activityof topical liposome preparations in normal and inflamed skinin animal and man as well as efficacy in skin diseases inman. Other aspects covered comprise the ecological andjuridic area. The scope being theoretical and practical at atime, the book provides a sound basis for futuredevelopments to meet the needs of patients suffering from sofar recalcitrant skin diseases.
Sommario
General Considerations.- Percutaneous Absorption and Conventional Penetration Enhancers.- Lipid Flow Phenomena Between Liposomes, Lipoproteins and Cell Membranes; Applications in Drug Delivery.- Basic Principles of Liposomes for Drug Use.- Chemical Aspects.- Phospholipids as Basic Ingredients.- Liposome Dermatics: Chemical Aspects of the Skin Lipid Approach.- Ceramides for Liposomes.- Liposome Phospholipids: Toxicological and Environmental Advantages.- Physico-chemical Aspects.- Liposome Production: Historic Aspects.- Rationale for the Production and Dermal Application of Lipid Vesicles.- Liposome Production: The Ethanol Injection Technique and the Development of the First Approved Liposome Dermatic.- Liposome Production: The Sizing-Up Technology Starting from Mixed Micelles and the Scaling-Up Procedure for the Topical Glucocorticoid Betamethasone Dipropionate and Betamethasone.- Properties and Characterization of Pre-Liposome Systems.- Technological Aspects.- Changes in the Structure of the Human Stratum Corneum Induced by Liposomes.- Monitoring in vivo Skin Hydration by Liposomes Using Infrared Spectroscopy in Conjunction with Tape Stripping.- Liposome Dermatics: Assessment of Long-Term Stability.- Delivery of Liposome-Encapsulated Agents to Artificial Membranes.- Topical Delivery of Liposomally Encapsulated Ingredients Evaluated by In Vitro Diffusion Studies.- Pre-Clinical Aspects: Kinetics and Toxicology.- The Fate of Liposomes in Animal Skin.- The Fate of Liposomes for Topical Use in Skin Tissue Culture.- Liposomally Encapsulated Active Ingredients Penetrate Through the Follicle.- Biodisposition of Liposome-Encapsulated Active Ingredients Applied on the Skin.- Distribution of Liposome-Encapsulated Ingredients in Human Skin Ex Vivo.- Liposomes as Safe Carriers of Drugs and Vaccines.- Pre-Clinical Aspects: Dynamics.- Comedolytic Activity of a Liposomal Antiacne Drug in an Experimental Model.- Topical Delivery of Liposomally Encapsulated Interferon Evaluated by in Vitro Diffusion Studies and in a Cutaneous Herpes Guinea Pig Model.- Comparative Activity of a Liposomal and a Conventional Econazole Preparation for Topical Use According to a Guinea Pig Tinea Model.- Liposome-Encapsulated Enzymes for DNA Repair.- Patent and Regulatory Aspects.- General Remarks on Patent Matter.- Liposome Determatics to Come According to the Patent Literature.- Clinical Regulatory Aspects of Topical Liposomal Drugs with Special Consideration of Safety Aspects.- Clinical Aspects.- Clinical Trial Protocols for Anti-Inflammatory and other Liposome Dermatics.- Chemical Composition of Liposomes and Its Influence on the Humidity of Normal Skin.- Influence of Various Topical Liposome Preparations With and Without Active Ingredients on the Cutaneous Blood Flow.- Increased Activity and Tolerability of a Conventional Glucocorticoid in a Liposomal Form.- Influence of Liposomal Encapsulation on the Activity of a Herbal Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug.- Future Prospects.- Past, Present and Future of Liposome Cosmetics.- Liposomes in Drug Delivery: Present and Future.
